FLUEnT: Transformer for detecting lung consolidations in videos using fused lung ultrasound encodings.

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children around the world. According to WHO, a total of 740,180 lives under the age of five were lost due to pneumonia in 2019. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been shown to be particularly useful for supporting the diagnosis of pneumonia in children and reducing mortality in resource-limited settings.

Kava-induced dermatitis: A detailed histopathological analysis.

Kava induced dermatitis has been reported in previous case series, however the histology has rarely been described. This case report details an erythematous eruption associated with Kava ingestion and the associated folliculocentric sebaceous inflammation found on histological analysis.

Curated and Annotated Dataset of Lung US Images in Zambian Children with Clinical Pneumonia.

See also the commentary by Sitek in this issue.

Computed Tomography Volumetry of Bone Cement: Retrospective Blinded Validation of Commercially Available Semi-automated Edge Detection Software.

Objective: Cement volumes are increasingly linked to orthopedic oncology and neurosurgical outcomes (construct durability, adjacent fracture), but manual cement volumetry remains time prohibitive. The authors aim to report performance of PACS-integrated volumetric software specifically for barium-enhanced polymethylmethacrylate cement.

Methods: Institutional review board-approved single-institution retrospective review of patients from 2019-2022 undergoing kyphoplasty for pathological compression fractures with a quantitative cement infuser providing true cement volume.

On the origins of spontaneous spherical symmetry-breaking in open-shell atoms through polymer self-consistent field theory.

An alternative approach to density functional theory based on self-consistent field theory for ring polymers is applied to neutral atoms hydrogen to neon in their ground-states. The spontaneous emergence of an atomic shell structure and spherical symmetry-breaking of the total electron density are predicted by the model using the ideas of polymer excluded-volume between pairs of electrons to enforce the Pauli-exclusion principle and an exact electron self-interaction correction. The Pauli potential is approximated by neglecting inter-atomic correlations along with other types of correlations, and comparisons to Hartree-Fock theory are made, which also ignores correlations.

Molecular Bonding in an Orbital-Free-Related Density Functional Theory.

A density functional theory based on polymer self-consistent field theory is applied to systems of two atoms in order to show that this approach is capable of predicted molecular bonding. Periodic table elements from hydrogen up to neon are examined and homonuclear diatomic molecules are found to form for H, N, O, and F, in agreement with known results. The heteronuclear molecules CO and HF, which are known to exist under ambient conditions, are also found to be stable.

Paediatrics: how to manage scabies.

This narrative review addresses scabies, a highly contagious, pruritic infestation of the skin caused by the mite S. Scabies is a common disorder that has a prevalence worldwide estimated to be between 200 and 300 million cases per year. Infestation is of greatest concern in children, the elderly, immunocompromised people and resource-poor endemic populations at risk of chronic complications.

Magnesium biofortification of Italian ryegrass ( L.) via agronomy and breeding as a potential way to reduce grass tetany in grazing ruminants.

Aim: Magnesium (Mg) deficiency (known as grass tetany) is a serious metabolic disorder that affects grazing ruminants. We tested whether Mg-fertiliser can increase Mg concentration of Italian ryegrasses ( L.) including a cultivar (cv.

Reliability analysis for multiple-stage solid waste management systems.

Solid waste management (SWM) is a key issue for sustainable development and environment protection, and waste collection and transportation (WCT) is one of the most important steps in managing solid waste. A well-designed SWM system with optimised location and capacity of waste transfer stations (WTSs) and final disposal facilities (FDFs) plays a critical role in waste management. However, uncertainties are inevitable in a general SWM system, which could involve in any stage of the waste management.

Optimisation of waste clean-up after large-scale disasters.

Disaster waste clean-up after large disasters is one of the core activities at the recovery stage of disaster management, which aims to restoring the normal functioning of the disaster affected area. In this paper we considered a waste clean-up system consists of (i) demolition operation, (ii) collection of waste from customer nodes to temporary disaster waste management sites (TDWMSs), (iii) processing at TDWMSs, and (iv) transportation of the waste to final disposal sites in the recovery of disasters. A multi-objective mixed integer programming model is developed to minimise the total clean-up cost and time.

Intranodal Lymphangiography with Thoracic Duct Embolization for Treatment of Chyle Leak after Thoracic Outlet Decompression Surgery.

From 2015 to 2019, 9 patients underwent ultrasound-guided intranodal lymphangiography for the treatment of a chyle leak following thoracic outlet decompression surgery. Chyle leaks were identified by Lipiodol (Guerbet, Roissy, France) extravasation near the left supraclavicular surgical bed in all patients. The technical success rate of thoracic duct embolization was 67% (6 of 9), including fluoroscopic transabdominal antegrade access (n = 4) and ultrasound-guided retrograde access in the left neck (n = 2).

Author Correction: V2a interneuron differentiation from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

V2a interneuron differentiation from mouse and human pluripotent stem cells.

V2a interneurons are located in the hindbrain and spinal cord, where they provide rhythmic input to major motor control centers. Many of the phenotypic properties and functions of excitatory V2a interneurons have yet to be fully defined. Definition of these properties could lead to novel regenerative therapies for traumatic injuries and drug targets for chronic degenerative diseases.

An alternative derivation of orbital-free density functional theory.

Polymer self-consistent field theory techniques are used to derive quantum density functional theory without the use of the theorems of density functional theory. Instead, a free energy is obtained from a partition function that is constructed directly from a Hamiltonian so that the results are, in principle, valid at finite temperatures. The main governing equations are found to be a set of modified diffusion equations, and the set of self-consistent equations are essentially identical to those of a ring polymer system.

Comparison of the Effects of Midazolam/Fentanyl, Midazolam/Propofol, and Midazolam/Fentanyl/Propofol on Cognitive Function After Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.

Background: Drugs used for sedation/analgesia during gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy, including midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol, result in short-term, reversible decline in cognitive function. This prospective cohort trial aimed to identify the sedative/analgesic regimen associated with the least impairment of cognition at the time of discharge.

Methods: Patients undergoing elective GI endoscopy were included.

Reliability analysis of road networks in disaster waste management.

The condition of road networks which connect disaster affected areas and final disposal sites has a critical role in the management of disaster waste. In this paper, we present a two-stage framework to estimate the overall reliability and failure modes of a disaster waste management system considering the reliability of each route involved in the road network. In the first stage, first order reliability method and Ditlevsen bounds are applied to estimate system reliability.

Reliability analysis for disaster waste management systems.

The management of disaster waste is one of the most critical tasks associated with recovery after a disaster. Having a general idea of the required capacity, cost and target clean-up time while considering the uncertainties involved in the system before the detailed plan of a disaster waste clean-up system is significant. Reliability analysis is a method to judge the performance of a system and deal with uncertainties in the system.

Application of a constant hole volume Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state to mixtures relevant to polymeric foaming.

A variant of the Sanchez-Lacombe equation of state is applied to several polymers, blowing agents, and saturated mixtures of interest to the polymer foaming industry. These are low-density polyethylene-carbon dioxide and polylactide-carbon dioxide saturated mixtures as well as polystyrene-carbon dioxide-dimethyl ether and polystyrene-carbon dioxide-nitrogen ternary saturated mixtures. Good agreement is achieved between theoretically predicted and experimentally determined solubilities, both for binary and ternary mixtures.

Effect of hyaluronic acid hydrogels containing astrocyte-derived extracellular matrix and/or V2a interneurons on histologic outcomes following spinal cord injury.

One reason for the lack of regeneration, and poor clinical outcomes, following central nervous system (CNS) injury is the formation of a glial scar that inhibits new axon growth. In addition to forming the glial scar, astrocytes have been shown to be important for spontaneous SCI recovery in rodents, suggesting some astrocyte populations are pro-regenerative, while others are inhibitory following injury. In this work, the effect of implanting hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels containing extracellular matrix (ECM) harvested from mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC)-derived astrocytes on histologic outcomes following SCI in rats was explored.

Using biomaterials to promote pro-regenerative glial phenotypes after nervous system injuries.

Trauma to either the central or peripheral nervous system (PNS) often leads to significant loss of function and disability in patients. This high rate of long-term disability is due to the overall limited regenerative potential of nervous tissue, even though the PNS has more regenerative potential than the central nervous system (CNS). The supporting glial cells in the periphery, Schwann cells, are part of the reason for the improved recovery observed in the PNS.

Different Mixed Astrocyte Populations Derived from Embryonic Stem Cells Have Variable Neuronal Growth Support Capacities.

Central nervous system injury often leads to functional impairment due, in part, to the formation of an inhibitory glial scar following injury that contributes to poor regeneration. Astrocytes are the major cellular components of the glial scar, which has led to the belief that they are primarily inhibitory following injury. Recent work has challenged this by demonstrating that some astrocytes are required for spinal cord regeneration and astrocytic roles in recovery depend on their phenotype.

Chronic Leptomeningitis and Spinal Intradural Mass Secondary to Infection in a Patient with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt.

Fungal infection following placement of ventriculostomy or ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is uncommon. We report the first case of related central nervous system (CNS) shunt infection in a patient with CNS ependymoma manifesting as leptomeningitis and a spinal intradural mass. This case illustrates the diagnostic and management challenges.

Communication: Molecular-level insights into asymmetric triblock copolymers: network and phase development.

Molecularly asymmetric triblock copolymers progressively grown from a parent diblock copolymer can be used to elucidate the phase and property transformation from diblock to network-forming triblock copolymer. In this study, we use several theoretical formalisms and simulation methods to examine the molecular-level characteristics accompanying this transformation, and show that reported macroscopic-level transitions correspond to the onset of an equilibrium network. Midblock conformational fractions and copolymer morphologies are provided as functions of copolymer composition and temperature.

Three-dimensional cell culture environment promotes partial recovery of the native corneal keratocyte phenotype from a subcultured population.

Corneal disease is the fourth leading cause of blindness. According to the World Health Organization, roughly 1.6 million people globally are blind as a result of this disease.

Intelligence and executive functions in frontotemporal dementia.

Recently (Roca et al. (2010), we used the relationship with general intelligence (Spearman's g) to define two sets of frontal lobe or "executive" tests. For one group, including Wisconsin card sorting and verbal fluency, reduction in g entirely explained the deficits found in frontal patients.