Use of immunosuppression and subsequent cancer incidence: cohort study.

Objective: Evaluate the association between cancer incidence and immunosuppressive treatment in patients with ocular inflammatory disease (OID).

Methods And Analysis: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients from 10 US OID subspecialty practices. Patients with non-infectious OID were included; HIV-infected patients were excluded.

Posterior Herpetic Uveitis: A Comprehensive Review.

Purpose: To report and illustrate the main clinical presentations of posterior herpetic uveitis.

Methods: Narrative review.

Results: The ocular manifestations of posterior herpetic uveitis include different clinical presentations.

Rehabilitation Referral for Patients With Irreversible Vision Impairment Seen in a Public Safety-Net Eye Clinic.

Importance: The prevalence of irreversible vision impairment in the United States is expected to increase by 2050. Vision rehabilitation is the primary treatment option. Clinical trials have established its efficacy in improving quality of life.

Subretinal Pigment Epithelial Deposition of Drusen Components Including Hydroxyapatite in a Primary Cell Culture Model.

Purpose: Extracellular deposits containing hydroxyapatite, lipids, proteins, and trace metals that form between the basal lamina of the RPE and the inner collagenous layer of Bruch's membrane are hallmarks of early AMD. We examined whether cultured RPE cells could produce extracellular deposits containing all of these molecular components.

Methods: Retinal pigment epithelium cells isolated from freshly enucleated porcine eyes were cultured on Transwell membranes for up to 6 months.

Expert panel recommendations for the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor biologic agents in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders.

Topic: To provide recommendations for the use of anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) biologic agents in patients with ocular inflammatory disorders.

Clinical Relevance: Ocular inflammatory diseases remain a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Anti-TNF-α agents are used widely in treatment of rheumatologic diseases.

The complement anaphylatoxin receptors are not required for the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis.

To determine if complement anaphylatoxin-mediated inflammation contributes to the development and progression of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we induced disease in wild type and complement anaphylatoxin receptor-deficient mice (C3a receptor(-/-), C5a receptor(-/-) and C3aR(-/-)/C5aR(-/-)) and evaluated the eyes three weeks post-induction. No differences in disease severity or in disease incidence were seen between wild type controls and anaphylatoxin receptor-deficient mice. Our data indicate that C3a and C5a-mediated functions are not critical to the development of EAU.

Retinal vasculitis in two pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report.

We report two pediatric female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who presented with decreased vision. Both patients were found to have retinal vasculitis and occlusive disease. The first patient also presented with vitreous hemorrhage and later non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy.

Statin use and ocular inflammatory disease risk.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral statin medication use on the subsequent development of ocular inflammatory disease (OID). A retrospective nested case-control study was carried out on patient records from the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center. All male patients with a new diagnosis of OID over a 5-year period were included.

Histologic basis of variations in retinal pigment epithelium autofluorescence in eyes with geographic atrophy.

Purpose: Lipofuscin contained in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the main source of fundus autofluorescence (FAF), the target of an imaging method useful for estimating the progression of geographic atrophy (GA) in clinical trials. To establish a cellular basis for hyperfluorescent GA border zones, histologic autofluorescence (HAF) was measured at defined stages of RPE pathologic progression.

Design: Experimental study.

Ocular toxocariasis: epidemiologic, anatomic, and therapeutic variations based on a survey of ophthalmic subspecialists.

Purpose: To assess the current burden of ocular toxocariasis (OT) and to gain knowledge regarding the diagnostic and treatment practices used in the ophthalmologic community in the United States.

Design: Web-based, cross-sectional survey.

Participants: Subspecialty ophthalmologists who are currently practicing in the United States.

Rickettsial retinitis: acute unilateral vision loss with cystoid macular edema and stellate maculopathy.

Purpose: To report on the presentation and treatment of a patient with infectious posterior segment uveitis because of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii.

Methods: Interventional case report. We conducted a retrospective chart review of a 39-year-old man who presented with a history of acute vision loss in his right eye over a 6-day period.

Long-term, multicenter evaluation of subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone for non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis.

Purpose: We sought to characterize the long-term outcomes and complications of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide injection (STI) for non-necrotizing, noninfectious anterior scleritis.

Design: Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative, multicenter study.

Participants: Sixty-eight eyes of 53 patients from 9 participating hospitals in the United States, Singapore, and Australia.

Retinal pigment epithelial expression of complement regulator CD46 is altered early in the course of geographic atrophy.

In geographic atrophy (GA), the non-neovascular end stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) progressively degenerates. Membrane cofactor protein (MCP, CD46) is the only membrane-bound regulator of complement expressed on the human RPE basolateral surface. Based on evidence of the role of complement in AMD, we hypothesized that altered CD46 expression on the RPE would be associated with GA development and/or progression.

Imaging of Dalen-Fuchs Nodules in a Likely Case of Sympathetic Ophthalmia by Fluorescein Angiography and OCT.

Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a well-known but rare autoimmune disease in which the sympathizing eye suffers granulomatous panuveitis after trauma to the fellow eye. An unusual case of SO occurring 32 years after trauma to the fellow eye, and 1 year after unsuccessful vitrectomy/scleral buckle repair of an acute retinal detachment in the inciting eye was presented. An optical coherence tomography imagery of Dalen-Fuchs nodules, not previously reported, and rare angiographic imaging of SO in its acute phase was demonstrated.

Frequency of distinguishing clinical features in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of occurrence of limited clinical features which distinguish patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease from those with non-VKH uveitis.

Design: Comparative case series.

Participants: We included 1147 patients.

Uveitis in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Purpose: To report seven cases of uveitis occurring in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), raising the possibility that uveitis may be an extrahepatic feature of AIH.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective, observational case series of patients with AIH and uveitis.

Methods: One index case was identified at Oregon Health & Science University.

Conjunctival attachment of a tick: clinicopathologic report of a case.

Attachment by ticks to ocular surfaces is uncommon, but has been reported. The objective of this article is to describe a case of conjunctival tick attachment and a method for removal by conjunctival excision. A 39-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a complaint of foreign-body sensation in his right eye.

Characteristics of untreated AIDS-related cytomegalovirus retinitis. II. Findings in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (1997 to 2000).

Purpose: To describe host characteristics (use of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART]; CD4+ T-lymphocyte count; HIV ribonucleic acid [RNA] blood level) of people who were diagnosed with AIDS-related cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after HAART became available and to investigate effects of HAART on ophthalmic findings.

Design: Retrospective, observational case series.

Methods: We collected demographic, medical, laboratory, and ophthalmic data for all patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed, untreated CMV retinitis from January 1997 through December 2000 at 10 sites in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California.

Unusual presentation of gastric adenocarcinoma metastatic to the orbit.

A 69-year-old woman with no history of malignant disease presented with complaints of ptosis, diplopia, and left upper eyelid fullness. Computed tomography showed soft tissue infiltration of the left superior orbit. Biopsy was performed through an anterior orbitotomy.

Uveitis: advances in understanding of pathogenesis and treatment.

Uveitis is a leading cause of blindness affecting individuals of all ages, genders, and races. Uveitis may be due to autoimmune, infectious, toxic, malignant, or traumatic processes. Some evidence supports an association between conditions previously presumed to be autoimmune and viral infectious agents.