Evaluation of the IOP-Lowering Effect of a Multi-Pressure Dial at Different Negative Pressure Settings.

Purpose: To evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a multi-pressure dial (MPD) at targeted negative pressure settings.

Methods: Prospective, intrasubject controlled study of 65 healthy subjects randomized to receive no negative pressure for 60 minutes or negative pressure application at designated levels of 25%, 50%, and 75% of baseline IOP for 20 minutes each. The main outcome measure was mean IOP with application of negative pressure.

Short-Term Steady-State Pattern Electroretinography Changes Using a Multi-Pressure Dial in Ocular Hypertensive, Glaucoma Suspect, and Mild Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients: A Randomized, Controlled, Prospective, Pilot Study.

Introduction: This study evaluates the effects of the multi-pressure dial (MPD) on steady-state pattern electroretinography (ss-pERG) parameters. The study is a randomized, controlled, prospective, pilot trial in a private practice setting with ocular hypertensive (OHT), glaucoma suspect, and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) subjects.

Methods: This study included nine patients (64 ± 9.

Trabecular microbypass stent implantation in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma: long-term results.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of an iStent trabecular microbypass stent in combination with cataract surgery in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG).

Setting: Private practice, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive case series.

Intraocular Pressure Measurement with Pneumatonometry and a Tonometer Tip Cover.

Purpose: To investigate the precision and accuracy of IOP measurements using a pneumatonometer and a tonometer tip cover (Tono-Pen tip cover) acting as a membrane between a cadaver eye model and pneumatonometer probe.

Methods: A total of 480 paired IOP measurements, with and without a Tono-Pen cover, were collected across 4 pressure levels of 7, 10, 20 and 30 mmHg. IOP measurements were obtained by three different pneumatonometer units paired with three different masked operators (three configurations).

Short-Term Safety Evaluation of a Multi-Pressure Dial: A Prospective, Open-label, Non-randomized Study.

Introduction: Prospective, open-label, non-randomized, single site study to assess the safety and tolerability of a multi-pressure dial.

Methods: 30 healthy subjects received application of negative pressure (-15 mmHg) in one eye for 30 minutes and ambient atmospheric pressure in the contralateral eye. To evaluate safety, the primary outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP) changes from baseline, slit-lamp and dilated fundus examination findings, and rate of adverse events.

Retinal Manifestations of Juvenile Dermatomyositis: Case Report of Bilateral Diffuse Chorioretinopathy with Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy and Review of the Literature.

Purpose: To review a case of bilateral diffuse chorioretinopathy as a presenting sign of juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and review the literature regarding retinal manifestations associated with this disease.

Methods: Review of case record and literature regarding retinal manifestations related to juvenile dermatomyositis.

Results: A 13-year-old girl presented with bilateral diffuse chorioretinopathy as the presenting sign of juvenile dermatomyositis.

Intravitreal Versus Subretinal Tissue Plasminogen Activator Injection for Submacular Hemorrhage.

Background And Objective: The objective of this study was to compare visual acuity outcomes between the following procedures used to treat submacular hemorrhages: pneumatic displacement followed by intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) if needed (pneumatic ± tPA) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with subretinal tPA (PPV + tPA).

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of submacular hemorrhages treated with either pneumatic ± tPA or PPV + tPA.

Results: Eighteen patients had pneumatic ± tPA, and 14 patients had PPV + tPA.

Comparing consistency of clear corneal incisions using a traditional diamond keratome and a newly designed diamond keratome.

Purpose: To compare the consistency of incision architecture utilizing a traditional diamond keratome and a newly designed diamond keratome.

Methods: We used a traditional diamond keratome and newly designed diamond keratome to create clear corneal incisions in human cadaveric donor eyes. Three surgeons with varying levels of experience made 30 incisions with each keratome; and the wound architecture was measured including incision lengths, epithelial and endothelial widths, and the central epithelial incision's deviation from a straight line entrance.

CNS expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 attenuates Alzheimer's disease-like pathogenesis in APP+PS1 bigenic mice.

Cytokines play an emerging role as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones in the brain. This paradigm shift in cytokine function offers a new framework to understand their roles in ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Molecular adjuvant therapy of AD animal models with glatiramer acetate induces anti-inflammatory responses and therapeutic effects.

Tau-tubulin kinase 1 enhances prefibrillar tau aggregation and motor neuron degeneration in P301L FTDP-17 tau-mutant mice.

Tau-tubulin kinase-1 (TTBK1) phosphorylates microtubule-associated protein tau at specific serine/threonine residues found in paired helical filaments (PHFs), and its expression is up-regulated in the brain in Alzheimer disease, suggesting its role in tauopathy pathogenesis. To understand the effects of TTBK1 on tauopathy in vivo, we have developed bigenic mice overexpressing full-length TTBK1 and the P301L tau mutant. The bigenic mice show enhanced tau phosphorylation at multiple sites (AT8, 12E8, PHF-1, and pS422), tauC3-immunoreactive tau fragmentation, and accumulation of tau aggregates in cortical and hippocampal neurons at 12-13 mo of age.

AAV1/2-mediated CNS gene delivery of dominant-negative CCL2 mutant suppresses gliosis, beta-amyloidosis, and learning impairment of APP/PS1 mice.

Accumulation of aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide was studied as an initial step for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Following amyloid plaque formation, reactive microglia and astrocytes accumulate around plaques and cause neuroinflammation. Here brain chemokines play a major role for the glial accumulation.

Spatial learning impairment, enhanced CDK5/p35 activity, and downregulation of NMDA receptor expression in transgenic mice expressing tau-tubulin kinase 1.

Tau-tubulin kinase-1 (TTBK1) is involved in phosphorylation of tau protein at specific Serine/Threonine residues found in paired helical filaments, suggesting its role in tauopathy pathogenesis. We found that TTBK1 levels were upregulated in brains of human Alzheimer' disease (AD) patients compared with age-matched non-AD controls. To understand the effects of TTBK1 activation in vivo, we developed transgenic mice harboring human full-length TTBK1 genomic DNA (TTBK1-Tg).