Outcome of tenoscopically guided palmar/plantar annular ligament desmotomy for the treatment of palmar/plantar annular ligament constriction without concurrent intrathecal soft-tissue injury in a UK horse population.

Objective: To determine the outcome of tenoscopically guided palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) desmotomy to treat PAL constriction without concurrent intrathecal soft-tissue injury, notably of the digital flexor tendons and manica flexoria.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter cohort study.

Animals: Sixty-five horses.

Ultrasonographic guidance for perineural injections of the cervical spinal nerves in horses.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonographic guidance for injection near the ventral rami of the cervical spinal nerves (VRCSN).

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Sample Population: Ten cadavers (n = 40 injections).