Graphene-based materials are valuable in electrochemical biosensing because they have high surface areas, unique electrochemical characteristics, and are biocompatible, yet producing graphene electrodes efficiently remains a challenge due to existing methods being slow and costly.
A new fast and low-cost technique for creating reduced graphene oxide electrodes was developed, combining laser scribing and inkjet printing with a stamping method to pattern and reduce graphene oxide on polyester sheets.
The resulting biosensors demonstrated impressive performance with a low limit of detection and a wide dynamic range, successfully tested in artificial urine and integrated into a portable smartphone-based system, suggesting potential for real-world applications in detecting various pathogenic bacteria.