Mask wearing affects emotion perception.

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, mask wearing has become ubiquitous in much of the world. We studied the extent to which masks impair emotion recognition and dampen the perceived intensity of facial expressions by naturalistically inducing positive, neutral, and negative emotions in individuals while they were masked and unmasked. Two groups of online participants rated the emotional intensity of each presented image.

Parametric studies of selective D1 or D2 antagonists: effects on appetitive and feeding behaviour.

Dopamine receptor antagonists have long been known to suppress food intake. The main purpose of the present series of experiments was to investigate feeding in rats across several paradigms evaluating the effects of selective dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists. The selective D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, reduced FR8 operant responding for food (0.

Symptomatic relief from treatment-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease: an open-label pilot study with remoxipride.

Current treatment strategies for levodopa-induced psychosis in Parkinson's disease have had limited success. Remoxipride, a selective D2 receptor antagonist, was administered in an open label pilot study to seven parkinsonian patients exhibiting thought disorder. Symptoms improved significantly in six patients after treatment durations of 1-6 months and cleared completely in two individuals.

Neurotransmitter replacement therapy in Alzheimer's disease.

The relative success of symptomatic attenuation of motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease with dopaminomimetics has spurred interest in neurotransmitter replacement therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease. While cholinergic dysfunction has been linked to various clinical parameters in Alzheimer's disease, cholinergic replacement, including precursor therapy, administration of direct-acting agonists and inhibition of enzymatic degradation has had only very modest success. The inhibition of enzymatic degradation has perhaps shown the most interesting results to date.

Selection of children with cerebral palsy for conductive education and the characteristics of children judged suitable and unsuitable.

The method of selection of children for conductive education and their characteristics were studied at the Birmingham Institute. A comparison group allowed evaluation of those judged unsuitable for conductive education. It was found that only approximately 35 per cent of children with cerebral palsy are suitable for conductive education, although those accepted have a wide range of abilities; a wide range of conditions make children unsuitable for conductive education; and the majority of parents with potentially suitable children do not seek conductive education.

Effects of dopamine D1 and dopamine D2 antagonists on the free feeding and drinking patterns of rats.

In male rats with food and water freely available, the specific dopamine D2 antagonist YM-09151-2 had little effect on total food or water intake across a 24-hr period. However, it produced a substantial dose-related decrease in feeding rate during meals and an enhancement of both meal size and duration. The equivalent parameters for water intake were affected to a much lesser extent.

The anorectic effect of SK&F 38393, a selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist: a microstructural analysis of feeding and related behaviour.

An observational study was undertaken to provide a microstructural analysis of the effects of the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist, SK&F 38393, on feeding and associated behaviours in the rat. Adult, male non-deprived rats were adapted to eating a meal of sweetened mash in a 30-min period. SK&F 38393 (3.

The effects of the enantiomers of the dopamine agonist N-0437 on food consumption and yawning behaviour in rats.

The enantiomers of the potent and selective dopamine (DA) D-2 receptor agonist 2-(N-propyl-N-thienylethyl-amino)-5-hydroxytetralin, N-0437, were tested for their effects on palatable food consumption and yawning behaviour in rats. (-)-N-0437 (1.0 and 5.

The selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SK&F 38393: its effects on palatability- and deprivation-induced feeding, and operant responding for food.

A series of experiments investigated the involvement of the dopamine D1 receptor subtype in relation to feeding responses. The selective D1 agonists, SK&F 38393 (1.0-20 mg/kg) and SK&F 75760 (5 mg/kg), significantly reduced palatable food consumption in nondeprived rats.

Microstructural analysis of the anorectic effect of N-0437, a highly selective dopamine D2 agonist.

Drug actions, mediated by dopamine D2 receptors, have been shown to reduce food consumption in rodents. The present study used a microstructural approach to feeding responses to determine the behavioural changes which underlie the anorectic effect of a selective D2 agonist, N-0437. Non-deprived male rats were trained to consume a palatable, sweetened mash in a 30 min test under familiar test conditions.

Yawning induced by the selective dopamine D2 agonist N-0437 is blocked by the selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist (+)-UH 232.

Yawning and stretching responses were elicited in rats by a small dose (0.3 mg/kg) of the highly selective dopamine D2 agonist, N-0437. The responses were blocked by the highly selective dopamine autoreceptor antagonist, (+)-UH 232 (3.

Stimulation and inhibition of food intake by the selective dopamine D2 agonist, N-0437: a meal pattern analysis.

Feeding and drinking responses were recorded in home-caged rats over 24-hour periods, and the data were analysed in terms of meal patterns. The highly selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist, N-0437, was injected IP at the start of the night phase. At the smallest dose (0.

Sucrose sham-feeding in the rat after administration of the selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist N-0437, d-amphetamine or cocaine.

Drugs which act as agonists at dopamine receptors, or which increase dopamine release (e.g., d-amphetamine, cocaine) are known to reduce food intake.

Profile of the selective dopamine D-2 receptor agonist N-0437: its effects on palatability- and deprivation-induced feeding, and operant responding for food.

N-0437 is a potent and highly selective dopamine D-2 receptor agonist, which has been used in the present series of experiments to investigate its potential anorectic properties. In doses of 0.3-3.

Norepinephrine turnover and voluntary consumption of ethanol in the rat.

The effect of a centrally acting noradrenergic agonist on voluntary ethanol intake was investigated in the laboratory rat. Doses of 1.5, 7.