The Bladder Utility Symptom Scale: A Novel Patient Reported Outcome Instrument for Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Health related quality of life is important in bladder cancer care and clinical decision making because patients must choose between diverse treatment modalities with unique morbidities. A patient reported outcome measure of overall health related quality of life for bladder cancer regardless of disease severity and treatment could benefit clinical care and research.

Materials And Methods: Prospective questionnaire development was completed in 3 parts.

Accelerated receptor shedding inhibits kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)-mediated efferocytosis.

Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) prevents inflammation and permits repair following tissue injury. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a receptor for phosphatidylserine, an "eat-me" signal exposed on the surface of apoptotic cells that marks them for phagocytic clearance. KIM-1 is upregulated on proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs) during ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI), enabling efferocytosis by surviving PTECs.