Alloxan-induced hyperglycemia in rats is reduced by 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2.

Female rats were treated with subcutaneous 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 (1-75 micrograms/kg) for 24, 18, and 0.5 h prior to and 6, 24, and 48 h after intravenous beta cell destruction. Protection was assessed by morphological examination of beta cells and the level of fasting hyperglycemia seen 72 h after alloxan treatment.

Head and neck cancer in a young age group: high incidence in black patients.

From the Tumor Registries of the East Orange, New Jersey, Veterans Administration Medical Center, and the College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School, 1,066 cases of head and neck cancer were reviewed. Blacks comprised 32% of the population reviewed. Charts of 70 patients, 45 years old or younger, were examined.

Regional vs systemic effect of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) on squamous cell carcinoma in rats.

Utilizing a model that compares the effects of chemotherapeutic agents given regionally vs systemically in the same animal, the effects of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (cis-platinum) were evaluated. Squamous cell carcinoma was implanted at the bases of both ears of Fisher-344 rats. By retrograde cannulation of a branch of the external carotid artery, tumors on the right were treated by intra-arterial infusions of varying doses of cis-platinum while tumors on the left were treated only after systemic circulation of the same drug.

The hemodynamic effect of profound hypercapnia on acute hypoxic respiratory failure.

The effect of profound hypercapnia on acute hypoxic respiratory failure is evaluated. Eight dogs were subjected to oleic acid-induced acute respiratory failure. Four dogs were ventilated normally, and four dogs were made hypercapneic by rebreathing exhaled CO2.

Effect of age and splenectomy in murine endotoxemia.

The protective role of the spleen in gram-positive infections, particularly in infancy and childhood, is well established. Since it is not known whether the spleen is protective in gram-negative sepsis, particularly in elderly individuals as compared to young subjects, the following study was undertaken. Splenectomized and nonsplenectomized Swiss Webster mice, 3 months old (young), or 12 months old (elderly) were utilized.

Combined therapy in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

The charts of 102 patients with stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, seen at the East Orange Veterans Administration Hospital between 1975 and 1979, were reviewed. Ninety-one of these patients were submitted to a protocol of high-dose preoperative radiotherapy, followed by surgery. Five-year actuarial survival in patients completing the protocol was 31.

Hemodynamic effects of prolonged infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) after hemorrhagic shock.

Although one-hour infusions of prostaglandin E1 to animals suffering from hemorrhagic shock have proved beneficial, there is question as to whether the improved hemodynamics can be sustained over a longer infusion time. Following reinfusion of shed blood, an infusion of PGE1 at a dose of 1 microgram/kg/minute showed a significant elevation in cardiac output and left ventricular stroke work and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance when compared to animals receiving only an equal volume of normal saline. There was no diminution in the hemodynamic activity of the drug over the entire infusion period.

The effect of ATP-MgCl2 infusion on hepatic cell permeability and metabolism after hemorrhagic shock.

The ability of exogenous ATP-MgCl2 to reverse the inhibition of ATP-dependent intracellular reactions by hemorrhagic shock was studied. Levels of ornithine in the postperfusion fluid were lower in animals receiving ATP-MgCl2 than in placebo-treated control animals (338.6 +/- 167.

The mechanism of action of the hypocholesterolemic drug p-(1-adamantyloxy)-aniline.

The effect of p-(1-adamantyloxy)-aniline (AOA) on the biliary secretion of cholesterol, bile salts, and phospholipids was studied in hypercholesterolemic rats. A second study was conducted using hypercholesterolemic rats with 14C-labeled cholesterol pools for the purpose of determining the effects of AOA on cholesterol metabolism. Treatment with AOA (100 mg/kg, orally) daily for 1 week resulted in the increased secretion of biliary cholesterol, but did not affect the secretion of bile salts or phospholipids.

Changes in plasma amino acid profiles following abdominal operations.

Plasma amino acid profiles along with hemoglobin, hematocrit, albumin, protein, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine values for ten patients undergoing abdominal operations were studied before operation and for 16 days there-after at different intervals. Six patients in the control group were studied in a similar manner. From the observations obtained, we concluded that total amino acid valued are a more sensitive reflection of patient nutrition in both the preoperative and postoperative periods.

The effect of pH of resuscitative fluids in treatment of severe hemorrhagic shock.

Commercially available Ringer's lactate solution has a pH of approximately 6.5. In a situation such as shock, which is normally accompanied by a metabolic acidosis, this additional acid load could have an adverse effect on resuscitation when massive amounts of fluid are required.

Protective effects of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 on the liver and kidney.

The ability of subcutaneous 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 to protect the liver and the kidney against damage induced by carbon tetrachloride and ANIT (alpha-napthylisothiocyanate) was examined. Rats were given 5-75 micrograms/kg of 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 24 and 0.5 hrs before challenge with 1 ml of oral carbon tetrachloride with an additional prostaglandin dose 6 hrs later.

The effect of radiofrequency hyperthermia on the Ca755 murine adenocarcinoma.

Radiofrequency (RF) was used to induce hyperthermia in the Ca755 murine adenocarcinoma. Thermal kinetic studies revealed a selective heating of tumors over normal tissues during RF, which occurred in larger but not smaller tumors. Small tumors required a significantly greater RF output than did larger neoplasms for heating to the tumoricidal range of 42 C.