The use of social media in assessing the impact of war on cetaceans.

War has always brought millions of silent non-human victims but the scale of this suffering is often either unknown, neglected or difficult to quantify. Further, the complexities associated with long-term and large-scale monitoring of marine species make it difficult to assess the impacts of war and the mortality of cetaceans resulting from warfare has not been investigated. Here we propose the use of a modified form of citizen science, namely gathering the information from social media.

[Combined burn trauma in the array of modern civilian and combat burns].

The current article positions the combined burn and non-burn injuries in the general array of civilian and combat burns. For that purpose the official state statistics and scientific medical publications, domestic as well as foreign, have been analyzed. It has been shown that in peace time the combined burn/trauma injuries are infrequent.

A high diversity of Eurasian lineage low pathogenicity avian influenza A viruses circulate among wild birds sampled in Egypt.

Surveillance for influenza A viruses in wild birds has increased substantially as part of efforts to control the global movement of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Studies conducted in Egypt from 2003 to 2007 to monitor birds for H5N1 identified multiple subtypes of low pathogenicity avian influenza A viruses isolated primarily from migratory waterfowl collected in the Nile Delta. Phylogenetic analysis of 28 viral genomes was performed to estimate their nearest ancestors and identify possible reassortants.

[Combat sick and wounded casualty: classification, notions and problems].

The nowdays all possible damages and diseases by the staff during a war, are systematized in a special classification of combat damages and diseases, which is based on effect of main damage factors of weapon. Analyzing existent classification and determination "sanitarium casualty", it should be pointed out that they were formed more than 50 years ago, and they have gone out of date. Theirs significs is projected not adequately in practice of medical supply.

[Military sanatorium and resorts as a base for formation of the centers of medical rehabilitation during the armed conflicts].

The present medical-diagnostic and logistics systems of military sanatoria (MS) and military rest homes (MRH) allow creating on their basis the centers for medical rehabilitation (CMR). The CMR organization structure should include unfoldement of the following basic functional subunits and rooms: department of recovering treatment for patients of neurosurgery profile, department of recovering treatment for patients of thorasicoabdominal profile, department of recovering treatment for patients of traumatologic profile, department of recovering treatment for patients of general surgeon profile, department of recovering treatment for burnt patients, department of recovering treatment for patients of general somatic profile, department of recovering treatment for patients of psychoneurological profile.

[The ways of improvement of the Armed Forces medical service organizational structure according to the character of modern military conflicts].

During the period of reformation and decrease in the number of Russian Federation Armed Forces as well as the medical service the use of existing infrastructure of military district medical service and formation of Stationery Hospital Base (SHB) is an alternative to organization of treatment-and-evacuation measures in the armed conflicts and local wars. Taking into account the peculiarities and schemes of organization of treatment-and-evacuation measures in military conflicts and according to the calculated needs for medical service forces and means necessary for forces group medical support the SHB organizational structure can be consisted of three main modules. 1.

[Towards the problem of necessity to reduce the medical evacuation stages in conditions of local wars and armed conflicts].

The article is devoted to the review of modern opinions concerning the experience of military operation medical support in conditions of local wars and military conflicts. On the base of analysis of medical assistance rendered to the wounded and casualties in Republic of Chechnya the advantages and defects of different approaches are discussed. The experience in rendering assistance to the casualties in the Armed Forces of NATO countries during the local wars for the last decades is discussed.

[Incidence of echinococcosis in animals].

Studies were carried out on echinococcosis in animals, making use of the results obtained with investigations carried out throughout this country. A great number of definitive and intermediate hosts were studied. A considerable drop of the percent of infected animals was recorded over the 1966-1984 period both with the definitive and the intermediate hosts.

[Intravital diagnosis of intestinal echinococcosis in dogs under field conditions].

Studies were carried out with regard to the diagnosis of intestinal echinococcosis in dogs as the definitive host when still alive, under field conditions. Effective worming and macrohelminthoscopy in such conditions resulted in 52.36 per cent effect.