Viscosity of Al-Ni-Co-Nd(Sm) glass-forming melts at high temperatures.

Obtaining amorphous alloys with good mechanical and anticorrosion properties is an important problem of modern condensed matter physics. Since the preparation of amorphous alloys involves casting them from liquid state, information on the properties of the melts is needed. Viscosity is one of the most informative structure-sensitive property of melts.

Protein translation rate determines neocortical neuron fate.

The mammalian neocortex comprises an enormous diversity regarding cell types, morphology, and connectivity. In this work, we discover a post-transcriptional mechanism of gene expression regulation, protein translation, as a determinant of cortical neuron identity. We find specific upregulation of protein synthesis in the progenitors of later-born neurons and show that translation rates and concomitantly protein half-lives are inherent features of cortical neuron subtypes.

Srsf1 and Elavl1 act antagonistically on neuronal fate choice in the developing neocortex by controlling TrkC receptor isoform expression.

The seat of higher-order cognitive abilities in mammals, the neocortex, is a complex structure, organized in several layers. The different subtypes of principal neurons are distributed in precise ratios and at specific positions in these layers and are generated by the same neural progenitor cells (NPCs), steered by a spatially and temporally specified combination of molecular cues that are incompletely understood. Recently, we discovered that an alternatively spliced isoform of the TrkC receptor lacking the kinase domain, TrkC-T1, is a determinant of the corticofugal projection neuron (CFuPN) fate.

A critical period of translational control during brain development at codon resolution.

Translation modulates the timing and amplification of gene expression after transcription. Brain development requires uniquely complex gene expression patterns, but large-scale measurements of translation directly in the prenatal brain are lacking. We measure the reactants, synthesis and products of mRNA translation spanning mouse neocortex neurogenesis, and discover a transient window of dynamic regulation at mid-gestation.

Interaction between transcribing RNA polymerase and topoisomerase I prevents R-loop formation in E. coli.

Bacterial topoisomerase I (TopoI) removes excessive negative supercoiling and is thought to relax DNA molecules during transcription, replication and other processes. Using ChIP-Seq, we show that TopoI of Escherichia coli (EcTopoI) is colocalized, genome-wide, with transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP). Treatment with transcription elongation inhibitor rifampicin leads to EcTopoI relocation to promoter regions, where RNAP also accumulates.

[Effective intranasal GCS application strategy of mono and combines forms in treating patients, suffering from allergic rhinitis. Evidence-based medicine to help a practitioner].

To summarize effective intranasal glucocorticosteroids (GCS) application strategies in treatment of patients, suffering from allergic rhinitis (depending on disease type), based on actual research results. Current study determines the place of fixed intranasal GCS and topic antihistamine medication combination, specifically azelastine and mometasone furoate, as a first line of choice therapy in treatment of patients, suffering from allergic rhinitis. Effective application of stage therapy allows us establish control over allergic inflammation and significantly decrease pharmaceutical load in cases of patients, suffering from allergic rhinitis.

An Interplay between Viruses and Bacteria Associated with the White Sea Sponges Revealed by Metagenomics.

Sponges are remarkable holobionts harboring extremely diverse microbial and viral communities. However, the interactions between the components within holobionts and between a holobiont and environment are largely unknown, especially for polar organisms. To investigate possible interactions within and between sponge-associated communities, we probed the microbiomes and viromes of cold-water sympatric sponges (n = 2), (n = 3), and (n = 3) by 16S and shotgun metagenomics.

Olig3 regulates early cerebellar development.

The mature cerebellum controls motor skill precision and participates in other sophisticated brain functions that include learning, cognition, and speech. Different types of GABAergic and glutamatergic cerebellar neurons originate in temporal order from two progenitor niches, the ventricular zone and rhombic lip, which express the transcription factors Ptf1a and Atoh1, respectively. However, the molecular machinery required to specify the distinct neuronal types emanating from these progenitor zones is still unclear.

Polarity Acquisition in Cortical Neurons Is Driven by Synergistic Action of Sox9-Regulated Wwp1 and Wwp2 E3 Ubiquitin Ligases and Intronic miR-140.

The establishment of axon-dendrite polarity is fundamental for radial migration of neurons during cortex development of mammals. We demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligases WW-Containing Proteins 1 and 2 (Wwp1 and Wwp2) are indispensable for proper polarization of developing neurons. We show that knockout of Wwp1 and Wwp2 results in defects in axon-dendrite polarity in pyramidal neurons, and their aberrant laminar cortical distribution.

[Entrapment of herbal extracts in biodegradable microcapsules].

The microcapsules with entrapped herbal water-soluble extracts Plantago major and Calendula officinalis L. (HE) were prepared by LbL-adsorption of carrageenan and modificated chitosan onto CaCO3 microparticles with their subsequent dissolving after the treatment of EDTA. Entrapment of HE was performed by adsorption and co-precipitation techniques.

Effect of activated protein C on secretory activity of rat peritoneal mast cells.

Generation of thrombin and activated protein C in the inflammatory focus was demonstrated in rats with experimental acute peritonitis. The contents of thrombin and activated protein C peaked by the 30th and 120th minute of inflammation, respectively. In vitro study showed a decrease in spontaneous and compound 48/80-induced secretion of beta-hexosaminidase by peritoneal mast cells under the influence of activated protein C in low concentrations.

Thrombin receptor agonist Peptide immobilized in microspheres stimulates reparative processes in rats with gastric ulcer.

The effect of synthetic thrombin receptor (PAR1) agonist peptide encapsulated in microspheres made of lactic and glycolic acid copolymer on tissue reparation was studied in rats with acetate-induced ulcer. PAR1 agonist peptide was immobilized in biodegraded lactic and glycolic acid microspheres by double emulgation, the kinetics of peptide release was analyzed, and the dynamics of ulcer healing was studied in experimental (administration of microspheres with the peptide into the stomach) and two control groups (administration of saline or spheres without peptide). Thrombin receptor agonist peptide gradually released from lactic and glycolic acid microspheres into the stomach shortened the inflammation phase and shifted the proliferation phase to the earlier period, thus accelerating healing of experimental ulcers in rats.

[Biodegradable microparticles with immobilized peptide for wound healing].

Thrombin receptor agonist peptide (TRAP-6) may effectively replace thrombin for stimulation of damaged tissue regeneration. (Thrombin employment is limited by its high cost, instability and proinflammatory effect at high concentrations.) Immobilization of TRAP-6 into a poly(D,L)-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA)-based matrix can protect peptides from a destruction by peptidases located in a wound area, and can also provide controlled release of the peptide.

[Characteristics of humoral immunity to rubella virus in residents of Moscow in 1998-1999].

A total of 400 blood samples were collected from residents of Moscow in 1998-1999, 369 from adults aged mainly 19-31 years and from children aged 5-12 years. The mean incidence of antirubella antibody was 76.5%; the value varied in different age groups.

[The interrelationship of the catecholamine and protein content of the tissue of the submandibular salivary glands and the mucosa during the secretory cycle in chronic inflammation of the oral soft tissues].

In rats with local chronic carrageenin-induced inflammation of oral soft tissue, the levels of catecholamines and protein were measured in the submaxillary salivary glands, oral mucosa during pilocarpine-induced and background secretions and in saliva during induced secretion. The levels of epinephrine and protein were found to be increased during background secretion in the oral mucosa in chronic inflammation. After stimulation of a secretory cycle in the salivary glands, the contents of epinephrine were increased, but those of protein were decreased.

[The interrelationship of the protein content of the tissue of the submandibular salivary glands and the mucosa during the secretory cycle in acute inflammation of the oral soft tissues].

The Lowry method was used to estimated protein levels in the submaxillary salivary glands, oral mucosa and saliva during pilocarpine-induced and uninduced secretion in acute Staphylococcal inflammation of oral soft tissue. It has been shown that protein levels were unchanged in the salivary glands and oral mucosa in unstimulated and stimulated secretion following 2 hours. After 24 hours, they were also unchanged in the salivary glands and oral mucosa in unstimulated secretion, but in stimulated secretion the levels of protein were increased.

[Catecholamines in salivary gland and oral mucosal tissue and in the saliva in acute inflammation of the oral soft tissues].

Catecholamine contents in non-stimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated submaxillary salivary gland tissue (SGT), oral mucosa (OM) and stimulated saliva in acute staphylococcal inflammation of soft oral cavity tissue were determined in rats using the standard HPLC method. It was shown that 2 hrs after toxin injection NA contents decreased in non-stimulated SGT. After 24 hrs A contents decreased too as well as HA contents in OM.

[The interrelationship of the content of catecholamines in salivary gland tissue, oral mucosa and in the saliva in experimental staphylococcal sialoadenitis].

Catecholamine contents in non-stimulated and pilocarpine-stimulated submaxillary salivary gland tissue (SGT), oral mucosa (OM) and stimulated saliva in acute experimental staphylococcal sialoadenitis were determined in rats using standard HPLC method. It was shown that 2 hrs after toxin injection, NA contents decreased in non-stimulated SGT, NA and A contents in SGT and OM also decreased. After 2 and 24 hrs NA and A contents were not changed in stimulated SGT and OM and after 24 hrs A content increased in SGT and OM.

[Correlation of protein content in salivary gland tissue, oral mucosa and saliva in experimental staphylococcal sialoadenitis].

The dependence between the total content and excretion of protein (P) in salivary gland tissue (SGT), oral mucosa (OM) and saliva has been investigated. The difference between P contents in intact gland and during staphylococcus sialoadenitis has been shown. After 2 hours of staphylococcus toxin injection in non-stimulated SGT P contents are not changed, and in saliva--are increased.

[The mechanism of trophic effects of salivary glands on oral mucosa].

Using standard HPLC method the catecholamines' content in submaxillary salivary glandular tissue and in oral mucous membrane non-stimulated and stimulated by pilocarpine salivary glands during desalivation and saline solution washing has been studied. In stimulated salivary glandular tissue and oral mucous membrane resulted in diminishing of noradrenaline as well. It was concluded that oral mucous membrane gets noradrenaline in period of basal secretion and spends it during stimulated secretion.

[The mechanism of disorders of salivary catecholamine excretion in acute starvation in rats].

Using standard HPLC method the authors estimated adrenaline and noradrenaline content in saliva and salivary gland tissue. In severe starvation A and NA content were diminished in 24 hours.

[Effect of methylcobalamine on the processes of posttraumatic regeneration of the salivary glands].

Experiments on rats were made to study membrane potentials (MP) of secretory cells of the salivary glands, the content of biogenic amines and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes of the salivary gland tissue in trauma after pretreatment with methylcobalamine. Twenty-four hours after trauma the salivary gland showed a decrease in the content of LDH aerobic fractions, the lowering of noradrenaline concentration with no changes in the MP of glandular cells outside the zone of injury. Administration of cobalamine did not cause any changes in the parameters under study.

[Mechanism of the protective effect of sympathetic denervation on the development of experimental staphylococcal sialadenitis].

Membrane potentials (MP) of different cell types of submaxillary glands were studied on rats with intact innervation and after preliminary sympathectomy at varying stages of experimental staphylococcal sialadenitis (2 and 24 h). Two hours and especially 24 hours after priming the rats with intact innervation manifested an abrupt fall in the MP in acinar and ductal cells. Two hours after administration of staphylococcus toxin the MP of salivary gland cells in sympathectomized rats did not differ from normal.