Breakthrough candidemia with hematological disease: Results from a single-center retrospective study in Japan, 2009-2020.

Breakthrough candidemia (BrC) is a significant problem in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with hematological disorders. To assess the characteristics of BrC in patients with hematologic disease treated with novel antifungal agents, we collected clinical and microbiological information on said patients from 2009 to 2020 in our institution. Forty cases were identified, of which 29 (72.

A case of mediastinal abscess and infected aortic aneurysm caused by dissemination of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense pulmonary disease.

An 81-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of fever and malaise that had persisted for 3 months. The patient had undergone two aortic valve replacements, 10 and 5 years previously, because of aortic valve regurgitation and infectious endocarditis. He also had had asymptomatic Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) pulmonary disease for the two previous years.

is a human-adapted lineage in the ' complex.

is an enterohepatic that causes bacteremia and other diseases in humans. While -like strains are isolated from animals, including dog isolates belonging to a recently proposed , little is known about the genetic differences between and these animal isolates. Here, we sequenced 43 or -like strains isolated from humans, hamsters, rats and dogs and collected 81 genome sequences of , and other enterohepatic strains from public databases.

Simplified daptomycin dosing regimen for adult patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections based on population pharmacokinetic analysis.

Daptomycin is used to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Current guidelines recommend higher daptomycin doses (8-10 mg/kg) for severe infections; however, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic-based dosing strategies are still limited. Therefore, we designed a new optimal daptomycin dosing regimen for patients with MRSA infections using a population PK modeling approach.

Within-host evolution of a Klebsiella pneumoniae clone: selected mutations associated with the alteration of outer membrane protein expression conferred multidrug resistance.

Background: A patient repeatedly developed bacteraemia despite the continuous use of antibiotics. We obtained two Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the patient's blood on Days 72 and 105 after hospitalization. Each of the two isolates belonged to ST45, but while the first isolate was susceptible to most antibiotics, the second one was resistant to multiple drugs including carbapenems.

Clinical significance of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG detection with a rapid antibody kit for COVID-19 patients.

Background: The longitudinal observation of the detection of antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 using antibody kits during the clinical course of COVID-19 is not yet fully investigated.

Objectives: To understand the significance of the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, particularly IgG, using a rapid antibody kit, during the clinical course of COVID-19 patients with different severities.

Methods: Sixty-three serum samples from 18 patients (5 asymptomatic and 13 symptomatic patients) were retrospectively examined using a commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG antibody kit.

Schizophyllum commune sinusitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for myelodysplastic syndrome: A case report and literature review.

Sinusitis is a serious infectious complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Schizophyllum commune (S commune) is a common basidiomycete fungus that is rarely involved in human disease. We report herein a case of S commune sinusitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

Comparison of the sequencing bias of currently available library preparation kits for Illumina sequencing of bacterial genomes and metagenomes.

In bacterial genome and metagenome sequencing, Illumina sequencers are most frequently used due to their high throughput capacity, and multiple library preparation kits have been developed for Illumina platforms. Here, we systematically analysed and compared the sequencing bias generated by currently available library preparation kits for Illumina sequencing. Our analyses revealed that a strong sequencing bias is introduced in low-GC regions by the Nextera XT kit.

Gastrointestinal Graft-versus-Host Disease Is a Risk Factor for Postengraftment Bloodstream Infection in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a well-known cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients. Here, we conducted a retrospective study to assess the morbidity, etiology, risk factors, and outcomes of BSI in the postengraftment period (PE-BSI) after allo-HSCT. Forty-three of 316 patients (13.

Mycobacterium abscessus and massiliense lung infection during macrolide treatment for bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

In patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), post-transplant lung infection is critical for their prognosis. Mycobacterium abscessus complex is not fully recognized as a nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pathogen of post-SCT lung infection. Here, we present three post-allogeneic SCT patients who developed pulmonary infection caused by M.

Helicobacter cinaedi Bacteremia Mimicking a Flare of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

A 40-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with high-grade fever and severe thrombocytopenia. Acalculous cholecystitis and thrombocytopenia were initially suspected to be complicated with SLE and vasculitis. Contrary to our expectation, however, the patient was finally diagnosed with Helicobacter cinaedi bacteremia.

[Disseminated Cryptococcosis with Eosinophilia and Elevated IgE in a Non-HIV-infected Patient].

In general, disseminated cryptococcosis usually occurs among immunocompromised patients, especially those with cell-mediated immunodeficiency, such as HIV-infected patients. We present herein a rare case of an apparently immunocompetent 33-year-old woman who developed disseminated cryptococcal diseases, which included meningitis and pneumonia with eosinophilia, and pulmonary tuberculosis during her disease course. Pneumonia with a diffuse micronodular pattern, immediately followed by meningitis, was diagnosed as disseminated cryptococcosis, because of the presence of yeast-like-fungi demonstrated by transbronchial lung biopsy and a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture.

[Bilateral Granulomatous Renal Masses after Intravesical BCG Therapy for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer and Carcinoma in Situ of the Upper Urinary Tract: A Case Study].

Bacillus Calmette-Guèrin (BCG) is commonly used not only as an infant vaccination, but also as a treatment of and prophylaxis to prevent recurrence in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, the use of "live" BCG is sometimes complicated by associated infection. We present a case study of a 77-year-old man who developed bilateral renal masses after intravesical BCG therapy was initiated in November 2013, following transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

A dramatic increase in the positive blood culture rates of Helicobacter cinaedi: the evidence of differential detection abilities between the Bactec and BacT/Alert systems.

In our hospital, positive blood culture rates of Helicobacter cinaedi dramatically increased after introducing the Bactec system. A simulated culture model of H. cinaedi bacteremia demonstrated no positive signals using the BacT/Alert system, despite efficient growth in bottles.

A case of Candida albicans fungus balls in the urinary tract appeared during the course of antifungal treatment for Candida endophthalmitis.

Fungus balls have been rarely implicated as a cause of urinary tract obstruction. Here, we report a case of Candida albicans fungus balls in the urinary tract after the treatment of Candida endophthalmitis that has enough periods and adequate amount of antifungal agents. The patient completely recovered from this rare complication by irrigating through single-J stent and changing antifungal agents.

Pulmonary nocardiosis developed in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient with bronchiolitis obliterans.

The chronic graft-versus-host disease often requires unceasing immunosuppressive therapy (IST), which increases a risk of infectious complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. We report an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma case who developed pulmonary nocardiosis, a rare pulmonary complication, after allogeneic HSCT despite administration of the prophylactic trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/STX). The inhaled corticosteroid in addition to systemic IST had been started for bronchiolitis obliterance 4 months prior to nocardiosis development.