Dengue and Chikungunya virus co-infection in major metropolitan cities of provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: A multi-center study.

Dengue has become endemic in Pakistan with annual recurrence. A sudden increase in the dengue cases was reported from Rawalpindi in 2016, while an outbreak occurred for the first time in Peshawar in 2017. Therefore, a multi-center study was carried out to determine the circulating dengue virus (DENV) serotypes and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) co-infection in Lahore, Rawalpindi, and Peshawar cities in 2016-18.

Fusion Molecules of Heat Shock Protein HSPX with Other Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Show High Potential in Serodiagnosis of Tuberculosis.

Variable individual response against the antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis necessitates detection of multiple antibodies for enhancing reliability of serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. Fusion molecules consisting of two or more antigens showing high sensitivity would be helpful in achieving this objective. Antigens of M.

Fusion of selected regions of mycobacterial antigens for enhancing sensitivity in serodiagnosis of tuberculosis.

Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis requires detection of antibodies against multiple antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, because antibody profiles differ among the patients. Using fusion proteins with epitopes from two or more antigens would facilitate in the detection of multiple antibodies. Fusion constructs tn1FbpC1-tnPstS1 and tn2FbpC1-tnPstS1 were produced by linking truncated regions of variable lengths from FbpC1 to the N-terminus of the truncated PstS1.

Improving sensitivity for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis using TB16.3-echA1 fusion protein.

This study aimed at developing and assessing the fusion proteins with enhanced sensitivity to detect antibodies in plasma as a diagnostic method for tuberculosis. DNA fragments encoding TB16.3 and echA1 gene regions corresponding to proteins TB16.

Demographic and clinico-epidemiological features of dengue fever in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

This cross-sectional study was carried out to explore the epidemiological and clinical features of dengue fever in Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2011 and 2012. During the study period, anti-dengue IgM positive cases were reported in the post-monsoon period during the months of August-December. Certain hotspots for the dengue infection were identified in the city that coincide with the clusters of densely populated urban regions of the city.

Truncation of PstS1 antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis improves diagnostic efficiency.

PstS1, also named 38-kDa antigen, is one of the earliest known immune-dominant antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and it has been commonly used in serodiagnostic tests. We constructed a truncated version, tnPstS1, by removing 96 and 14 amino acid residues from the N- and C-terminals, respectively of the native PstS1. The native and the truncated 29.