Public Health.

Background: Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) present a growing challenge in the US and has emerged as a significant health concern in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. ADRD prevalence and risk factors among AI/AN adults remain poorly understood and plagued by inconsistent findings. This study addressed this knowledge gap by examining the associations of social determinants of health (SDOH) with ADRD between AI/AN and non-Hispanic White (White) populations.

Experience of primary dental care teams in managing the oral health of oncology patients.

Background: Estimates suggest that one in two people will experience cancer in their lifetime. Cancer and the treatment of cancer can have several impacts on oral health. It is therefore important that dental teams are supported in managing this group of patients especially in primary care dental settings, where most of these patients will first present to dental services.

Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants in Nigeria: An online survey.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Identifying the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance among Nigerians is crucial for improving vaccine uptake.

Aim: To assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants among Nigerians.

Non-viral gene therapy for Leber's congenital amaurosis: progress and possibilities.

Leber's congenital amaurosis (LCA) represents a set of rare and pervasive hereditary conditions of the retina that cause severe vision loss starting in early childhood. Targeted treatment intervention has become possible thanks to recent advances in understanding LCA genetic basis. While viral vectors have shown efficacy in gene delivery, they present challenges related to safety, low cargo capacity, and the potential for random genomic integration.

Embryotoxicity of statins and other prescribed drugs with reported off-target effects on cholesterol biosynthesis.

Cholesterol plays pivotal cellular functions ranging from maintaining membrane fluidity to regulating cell-cell signaling. High cholesterol causes cardiovascular diseases, low cholesterol is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, and inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis cause multisystem malformation syndromes. Statins lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting the first, rate-limiting reaction of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway catalyzed by hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR).

Validation and optimization of smart eye camera as teleophthalmology device for the reduction of preventable and treatable blindness in Nigeria.

Background/objectives: Limited resources and staffing hinders efforts to reduce preventable blindness, especially in low- to middle-income countries. The slit-lamp examination (SLE), which is essential for ophthalmology practices, is often unavailable in primary and secondary eye care facilities due to the high costs and lengthy training required for operation. We conducted a cross-sectional, multicentre study exploring the potential for a smart eye camera (SEC; a tele-ophthalmology handheld device developed by OUI Inc.

Repurposing of PSMA-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic agents for the detection and treatment of giant cell tumors of bone.

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare bone tumor often necessitating surgical intervention, radiation therapy, or treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab. Tc-MDP bone scintigraphy for GCTB has limited specificity, and the relatively high uptake of F-FDG in GCTB makes it challenging to differentiate it from other benign bone tumors. More specific detection and treatment modalities for GCTB are needed to enhance patient monitoring and outcomes.

Serum albumin as a biomarker of (nutritional status in) sarcopenia.

Introduction: To explore the possible associations between blood markers including albumin, hemoglobulin, creatinine and 25 OH vitamin D with sarcopenia using the ISarcoPRM algorithm.

Materials And Methods: A total of 2094 community-dwelling males and postmenopausal females (495 males, 1599 females)aged ≥ 50 years were recruited and their demographic data along with all comorbidities and laboratory evaluations were noted. Functional measurements were also quantified and the ISarcoPRM algorithm was used for the diagnosis/confirmation of the participants into sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic categories.

Factors associated with quality of life among newly diagnosed acute ischemic stroke patients: a community-based case-control study.

Background: Stroke burden is expected to increase and surviving a bout of stroke may leave one with a chronic or disabling outcome decreasing significantly the quality of life of the sufferer. The study aimed to explore the association between quality of life (QoL) in stroke and non-stroke individuals in a predominantly agricultural community.

Method: A community-based case-control study was conducted among 154 cases aged 18 and 75 diagnosed with incident stroke.

Thiourea-based rotaxanes: anion transport across synthetic lipid bilayers and antibacterial activity against .

We report the synthesis of two rotaxanes (1 and 2) whose rings have appended thiourea units for the selective recognition of Cl anions. Rotaxane 1 transports Cl across synthetic lipid bilayers more efficiently than 2, exhibiting EC values of 0.243 mol% 0.

Factors Associated with the Outcome of 2023 Diphtheria Outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Review of the Surveillance Data.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the outcome of the 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst all line-listed diphtheria cases reported from Jigawa State, Nigeria, using the 2023 Integrated Disease and Surveillance Response line list of cases that met the World Health Organization case definition of diphtheria. A total of 245 line-listed cases from January 2023 to December 2023 met the criteria for inclusion in the study.

Comparative analysis of nutritional quality and microbial contamination in camel milk: Evaluating safety and public health risks between camel milk obtained from street vendors and farms in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives: To evaluate the nutritional quality and microbial contamination of raw camel milk sourced from street vendors and compare it with milk obtained from farms, with a particular emphasis on pathogenic organisms.

Methods: Twenty samples were systematically collected from street vendors and farms between July 2022 and February 2023 and analyzed at King Fahad Medical Research Centre and the Pharmacy College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The microbial analysis employed culture-dependent techniques for colony-forming unit analysis and isolation of microbial colonies from milk samples.