The Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Quality Control and Safety of Paeoniae Radix Alba: A Review.

Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA, called Baishao in China) is the dried root of Pall. In clinical practice, PRA has been used to treat cardiovascular disease, menstrual disorders, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and liver disease, among other conditions. This review provides a systematic summary of its traditional uses, geographical distribution and current cultivation situation, phytochemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, quality control, and toxicology.

Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, and Kidney Distribution of Raw and Wine-Steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus Extracts in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and kidney distribution between Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) and wine-steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (WLL) extracts in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. The DN rats were induced by high-fat-sugar diet (HFSD)/streptozotocin (STZ) regimen. For pharmacodynamics, the DN rats were treated with LLF and WLL extracts to assess the anti-diabetic nephropathy effects.

Ephedrae herba: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ephedrae herba (called Mahuang in China) is the dried herbaceous stem of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey.

The Protective Effect of Ethyl Acetate and -Butanol Fractions of Wine-Steamed Ligustri Lucidi Fructus on Diabetic Nephropathy in Rats.

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF), the dry and ripe fruit of W. T. Aiton (Oleaceae), is a traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the liver and kidney in clinics for thousands of years.

Systematic characterization of the absorbed components of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and their metabolic pathways in rat plasma by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry combined with network pharmacology.

Ligustri Lucidi Fructus is a dried and mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait., which has the effects of nourishing liver and kidney. Herein, an accurate and sensitive method was established for the separation and identification of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in rat plasma based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry.