Hepatic Ago2 Regulates PPARα for Oxidative Metabolism Linked to Glycemic Control in Obesity and Post Bariatric Surgery.

Argonaute 2 (Ago2) is the main component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. We recently showed that liver-specific Ago2-deficiency in mice (L-Ago2 knockout [KO] mice) enhances mitochondrial oxidation and alleviates obesity-associated pathophysiology. However, the precise mechanisms behind the role of hepatic Ago2 in regulating the mitochondrial oxidation associated with glucose metabolism are still unclear.

RNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in Immuno-Metabolic Homeostasis and Diseases.

The increasing prevalence of worldwide obesity has emerged as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), hepatosteatosis, and cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that obesity has strong inflammatory underpinnings tightly linked to the development of metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms by which obesity induces aberrant inflammation associated with metabolic diseases are not yet clearly defined.

Erythrocytosis is associated with intradialytic hypotension: a case series.

Background: For patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis, erythrocytosis occurs rarely. Erythrocytosis increases the risk of thrombosis, which is a common complication in hemodialysis patients. The risk of thrombosis may also be increased by hypotension.

Rationally synthesized coumarin based pyrazolines ameliorate carrageenan induced inflammation through COX-2/pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition.

In the present work, coumarin based pyrazolines () have been synthesized and investigated for their and anti-inflammatory potential. Amongst the synthesized compounds, compounds , and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity as compared to the standard etoricoxib. Keeping this in mind, investigations were carried out carrageenan induced inflammation and acetic acid induced writhing models in male Wistar rats and compound was found to possess appreciable anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.

Anatomical and Radiological Considerations When Colonic Perforation Leads to Subcutaneous Emphysema, Pneumothoraces, Pneumomediastinum, and Mediastinal Shift.

While colonoscopy is generally regarded as a safe procedure, colonic perforation can occur and the risk of this is higher when interventional procedures are undertaken. The presentation may be acute or delayed depending on the extent of the perforation. Extracolonic gas following colonic perforation can migrate to several body compartments that are embryologically related and it has previously been reported in the thorax, mediastinum, neck, scrotum, and lower limbs.

Polysubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles as anti-biofilm and antiproliferative agents: Discovery of potent lead.

Most of the human bacterial infections are associated with the biofilm formation and the natural tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics challenges treatment. Because of their low immunity, cancer patients are especially susceptible to bacterial infections. Compounds with anti-biofilm activity could therefore become a useful adjunct to chemotherapy, in particular if they also show antiproliferative activities.

4-Substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent antibacterial agents: Rational design, microwave-assisted synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies.

In an attempt to discover a new class of antibacterial agents with improved efficacy and to overcome the drug-resistant problems, some novel 4-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized via microwave-assisted methodology and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against various pathogenic bacterial strains. Compounds 12b and 13c showed the promising inhibitory potencies against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli with MICs ranging from 2 to 10 μg/ml. Compound 13c was also found to be highly potent against methicillin-resistant S.

Design and Green Synthesis of Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Analogues as Potential Antiproliferative Agents.

Background: Despite of significant progress achieved in the chemotherapy of cancer; it is still among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.

Objective: Taking cognizance of the extensive biological potential of reported thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines and inspired by the clinically available anticancer agents dasatinib and gefitinib, 4-substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been synthesized.

Methods: The compounds were synthesized via microwave-assisted methods and screened for their cytotoxic activity against liver HepG-2, lung NCI-H522, melanoma A-375, pancreatic MIA PaCa-2 and colon CaCo-2 human cancer cell lines using MTT assay.

Review on EGFR Inhibitors: Critical Updates.

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that constitutes one of the four members of ErbB family of tyrosine kinase receptors. Activation of EGFR leads to autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinase that initiates a cascade of downstream signaling pathways involved in regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. EGFR is abnormally activated by various mechanisms like receptor overexpression, mutation, ligand-dependent receptor dimerization, ligand-independent activation and is associated with the development of variety of human cancers.

New 2-Imino-2H-Chromene-3(N-aryl)carboxamides as Potential Cytotoxic Agents.

Synthesis and structure activity relationships of four series of novel 2-imino-2H-chromene-3(N-aryl) carboxamides (V-VIII) have been described by bioisosteric replacement of usually present ketone at 2nd position of coumarin with imine. Various substitutents are introduced on aryl and chromene ring of iminocoumarin to investigate the effect of lipophilicity and electronic properties of substituents on cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines. Novel 2-imino-2H-chromene-3(N-aryl)carboxamides (V-VIII) were synthesized by the reaction of substituted 2- cyanoacetamides with different salicyaldehydes in the presence of sodium acetate in glacial acetic acid.

Diabetic ketoacidosis presenting with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with a variant of complement factor B in an adult: a case report.

Background: Non-Shiga toxin-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome is known to be caused by dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway. Infections, drugs, pregnancy, bone marrow transplantation, malignancy, and autoimmune disorders have all been reported to trigger episodes of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports of an association between diabetic ketoacidosis and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Recent advances in the chemistry and biology of benzothiazoles.

Benzothiazole is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold having a benzene ring fused with a five-membered thiazole ring. This moiety has attracted considerable attention because of its wide range of pharmacological activities such as antitubercular, antimicrobial, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antitumor activity, etc. In the last few years, some novel benzothiazoles have been developed with varied biological activities.

Recent development in [1,4]benzodiazepines as potent anticancer agents: a review.

The [1,4]benzodiazepine is an important class of heterocyclic compounds and clinically used for many ailments in humans. The [1,4]benzodiazepine has unique structure that mimics the peptide linkage. This interesting observation completely shifted the interest of medicinal chemist for [1,4]benzodiazepine from CNS acting drugs to anticancer agents.

Inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori colonization and obesity in a cohort of inner city children.

Background: Recently, publications in adults and children have documented a potential role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in decreasing the likelihood of obesity. The present study compares the prevalence of H.

Recent developments in tubulin polymerization inhibitors: An overview.

Microtubules are protein biopolymers formed through polymerization of heterodimers of α- and β-tubulins. Disruption of microtubules can induce cell cycle arrest in G2-M phase and formation of abnormal mitotic spindles. Their importance in mitosis and cell division makes microtubules an attractive target for anticancer drug discovery.

Syringomyelia in an older patient.

We describe the case of an 80-year-old man who presented with lower limb upper motor neurone weakness and spinothalamic tract sensory deficit secondary to previously undiagnosed syringomyelia. The case highlights the need for methodical history, examination and investigation in elderly patients to achieve diagnostic accuracy.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal: A case report and review of the literature.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal, middle ear and temporal bone is a rare and unusual malignancy. The lack of a unifying classification system in the past, along with the rarity of the disease has made the development of clear treatment guidelines difficult. In this report, we describe a clinical case of a patient with this rare malignancy, discuss the challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, and review the literature for trends while outlining the most beneficial treatment strategy for this patient population.

A thermostable glucoamylase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp.: characterization and thermostability.

A thermostable glucoamylase (GA) showed optimum activity at 70 degrees C and pH 5.0. It was highly stable at pH 7.