Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Multidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multifaceted approach including health; nutrition; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and psychosocial support interventions delivered during the preconception period and/or during pregnancy and early childhood on child neurodevelopment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized trial involving low- and middle-income neighborhoods in Delhi, India, 13 500 participants were assigned to preconception interventions or routine care for the primary outcome of preterm births and childhood growth.

Burden, risk factors and outcomes associated with adequately treated hypothyroidism in a population-based cohort of pregnant women from North India.

Hypothyroidism is the commonest endocrine disorder of pregnancy, with known adverse feto-maternal outcomes. There is limited data on population-based prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with treatment of hypothyroidism in early pregnancy. We conducted analysis on data from an urban and peri-urban low to mid socioeconomic population-based cohort of pregnant women in North Delhi, India to ascertain the burden, risk factors and impact of treatment, on adverse pregnancy outcomes- low birth weight, prematurity, small for gestational age and stillbirth.

Procalcitonin levels in maternal serum and cord blood as marker for diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis.

Objectives: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of Procalcitonin in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood samples to predict Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS).

Study Design: It was a Prospective analytical cohort study. Pregnant women ≥ 34 weeks gestation in active labour, with risk factors for EONS were included in the study.

Evaluation of acceptability, safety, and continuation rates of centchroman as postabortion nonsteroidal contraceptive pill.

Objectives: To evaluate acceptability, safety, and continuation rates of centchroman following abortion.

Study Design: Prospective, observational study. Following spontaneous/induced abortion, women were offered centchroman, 30-mg tablet twice weekly for first 3 months, then once weekly with 1 year of follow-up.

Impact of a package of health, nutrition, psychosocial support, and WaSH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods on birth outcomes and on linear growth at 24 months of age: factorial, individually randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To determine the effect of integrated and concurrent delivery of health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH), and psychosocial care interventions during the preconception period alone, during pregnancy and early childhood, and throughout preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood on birth outcomes and linear growth at 24 months of age compared with routine care.

Design: Individually randomised factorial trial.

Setting: Low and middle income neighbourhoods of Delhi, India.

Burden, risk factors and outcomes associated with gestational diabetes in a population-based cohort of pregnant women from North India.

Background: The burden of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) appears to be increasing in India and may be related to the double burden of malnutrition. The population-based incidence and risk factors of GDM, particularly in lower socio-economic populations, are not known. We conducted analyses on data from a population-based cohort of pregnant women in South Delhi, India, to determine the incidence of GDM, its risk factors and association with adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, preterm birth, large for gestational age babies) and need for caesarean section.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Barriers in Prevention of Anemia in Pregnancy.

Introduction Anemia in pregnancy is a significant health challenge in India and other developing countries. Various health programs aiming anemia prevention are existing in India for many decades. Despite that, anemia affects more than half of pregnant women.

Management of cervical cancer during the corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) era.

COVID-19 pandemic has had a catastrophic impact on the society, economy and heath-care system all over the globe with virus showing no signs of losing potency. As the situation appears to worsen, extra burden on other specialities like oncology seems to increase. Specific recommendations are necessary for management of cervical cancer in the current context.

Burden of preconception morbidity in women of reproductive age from an urban setting in North India.

Background: There is a growing interest in the life course approach for the prevention, early detection and subsequent management of morbidity in women of reproductive age to ensure optimal health and nutrition when they enter pregnancy. Reliable estimates of such morbidities are lacking. We report the prevalence of health or nutrition-related morbidities, specifically, anemia, undernutrition, overweight and obesity, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or reproductive tract infections (RTIs), diabetes or prediabetes, hypothyroidism, hypertension, and depressive symptoms, during the preconception period among women aged 18 to 30 years.

Impact of an integrated nutrition, health, water sanitation and hygiene, psychosocial care and support intervention package delivered during the pre- and peri-conception period and/or during pregnancy and early childhood on linear growth of infants in the first two years of life, birth outcomes and nutritional status of mothers: study protocol of a factorial, individually randomized controlled trial in India.

Background: The period from conception to two years of life denotes a critical window of opportunity for promoting optimal growth and development of children. Poor nutrition and health in women of reproductive age and during pregnancy can negatively impact birth outcomes and subsequent infant survival, health and growth. Studies to improve birth outcomes and to achieve optimal growth and development in young children have usually tested the effect of standalone interventions in pregnancy and/or the postnatal period.

Changing Scenario in Indian Contraceptive Methods: A Glimpse Through a Tertiary Hospital Statistics.

Background: The patient scenario of a tertiary hospital changes with the implementation of various national programmes in any country. These programmes are conceived after understanding the felt need of the society. Though IUCD was available as an interval method of contraception in the past also and was meant to be effective for 10 years, the prerequisite to come again to the medical facility after 6 weeks of childbirth for insertion resulted in almost all patients to dropout and only the highly motivated would come on their own.

Diagnostic Performance of Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) for Prediction of Malignancy in Ovarian Masses.

Background: Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer is essential for long term disease control and mortality reduction. This has been achieved using tumor markers like cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) which is elevated in malignant as well as non-malignant conditions. This dilemma led to efforts towards development of newer markers like serum human epididymis secretory protein E4 (HE4).

Early IUD insertion after medically induced abortion.

Objective: There is insufficient evidence on the continuation, safety and acceptability of immediate insertion of the intrauterine device (IUD) after medical abortion. The objective of the present study was to evaluate clinical outcomes of early IUD insertion, compared with those of delayed IUD insertion, following medical abortion.

Methods: Women undergoing medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol up to 49 days' gestation and opting for Copper T 380A IUD contraception underwent early (5-14 days after mifepristone) or delayed insertion (3-4 weeks after mifepristone).

Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Clinical, Histopathological and Immunofluorescence Study.

Introduction: Primary Localized Cutaneous Amyloidosis (PLCA) is a relatively rare chronic condition characterized by amyloid deposition in dermis without associated deposits in internal organs. Histopathology of cutaneous amyloidosis using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain shows eosinophilic hyaline material in papillary dermis, which can be further confirmed by Congo Red (CR) staining or Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) Test or immunohistochemistry.

Aim: To assess the concordance between the clinical, histo pathological and DIF findings in various subtypes of (PLCA).

Diagnostic Performance of Serum Human Epididymis Protein 4 in Endometrial Carcinoma: A Pilot Study.

Introduction: Endometrial Cancer (EC) is a common female malignant disorder. To date, there are no specific tumour markers for EC that may be routinely used in clinical practice for diagnosis.

Aim: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the serum Human Epididymis protein 4 (HE4) as biomarker for EC and to determine its association with clinicopathological variables.

Visibility of Strings After Postplacental Intracesarean Insertion of CuT380A and Cu375 Intrauterine Contraceptive Device: A Randomized Comparative Study.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of visible strings after postplacental intracesarean insertion of Cu375 and CuT380A intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUD).

Methods: This was a prospective, randomized comparative study. A total of 100 women fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent postplacental intracesarean insertion of either Cu375 IUD or CuT380A IUD.

Non-visualisation of strings after postplacental insertion of Copper-T 380A intrauterine device.

Aim: To assess the incidence of visible strings of intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) after postplacental insertion following vaginal or caesarean delivery and to establish a management protocol of follow-up visits when strings are not visualised.

Methods: This was a prospective study of a cohort of 348 women who underwent postplacental insertion of Copper-T 380A IUDs following vaginal or caesarean delivery, conducted at a hospital in New Delhi, India. Women were followed up at 6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after IUD insertion and were questioned about IUD expulsion or removal at each visit.

A Dedicated Postpartum Intrauterine Device Inserter: Pilot Experience and Proof of Concept.

Objective: To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of a dedicated postpartum intrauterine device (PPIUD) inserter specifically designed for the post-delivery setting. Primary objectives of fundal placement and expulsion rates were assessed. Secondary objectives were participant satisfaction and IUD retention.

Feto-maternal Outcome Using New Screening Criteria of Serum TSH for Diagnosing Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that by using the classical non pregnant reference range for serum TSH (STSH), one might miss hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Therefore, upper normal cut off value of S TSH should be taken as <2.5 mIU/L in the first trimester and <3mIU/L in the second and third trimester.

Clinical Outcome of Postplacental Copper T 380A Insertion in Women Delivering by Caesarean Section.

Introduction: Short interconception period after caesarean section and its associated risk of increased morbidity, mortality and surgical interventions could be avoided by postplacental IUCD insertion during the procedure. Despite the safety reports on intracaesarean IUCD insertion, obstetricians are still hesitant to extend the benefit of this long acting reversible contraception to women undergoing operative delivery.

Objective: To study the clinical outcome (safety, efficacy, expulsion and continuation rates) of postplacental Copper T 380A insertion in primiparous women undergoing caesarean section.

Risk assessment for psychological disorders in postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Psychological symptoms are common & bothersome in post menopausal women. Hence, screening these women for risk factors for psychological disorders is an important measure to improve their health.

Objective: To study the risk assessment for psychological disorders in postmenopausal women Material & Methods: This was a prospective and observational study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a North Indian tertiary care hospital.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating pregnancy.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a relatively common but unrecognised auto-immune disorder among women of child bearing age. Nearly one-third of patients present with bleeding tendency in pregnancy. Management necessitates care of mother during pregnancy and delivery and care of the baby.