Multifaceted approach to evacuating multi-level premacular hemorrhage in a case of suspected Valsalva retinopathy - a case report.

Background: Accurate localization of premacular hemorrhages (PMHs) is crucial as treatment strategies vary significantly based on whether the hemorrhage resides within the vitreous gel, subhyaloid space, or beneath the internal limiting membrane (ILM). This report outlines the clinical features, diagnostic findings, and treatment outcomes in a patient diagnosed with a PMH secondary to suspected Valsalva retinopathy.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case report.

Predicting macular hole surgery outcomes: Integrating preoperative OCT features with supervised machine learning statistical models.

Purpose: To evaluate various supervised machine learning (ML) statistical models to predict anatomical outcomes after macular hole (MH) surgery using preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) features.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed OCT data from idiopathic MH eyes at baseline and at 1-month post-surgery. The dataset was split 80:20 between training and testing.

Pharmacological adjuvants for diabetic vitrectomy surgery.

Diabetic vitrectomy is a highly intricate surgical procedure performed during the advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is used to treat conditions such as tractional or combined retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, and subhyaloid hemorrhage, which are all severe manifestations of proliferative DR. The results of the surgery are uncertain and variable.

Phacovitrectomy vs. consecutive vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes: short and long-term outcomes and OCT image quality assessment.

Purpose: To compare short- and long-term anatomical, functional, and refractive outcomes between combined phacovitrectomy (PVS) and consecutive vitrectomy (CVS) for idiopathic macular holes (MHs). Also, to evaluate the role of preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) image quality in guiding surgical selection.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 183 phakic MH eyes operated between 2012 and 23, with patients divided into PVS and CVS groups.

Characteristics of submacular hemorrhage with bacillary layer detachment and intrabacillary hemorrhage.

Purpose: To study the outcomes of patients presenting with submacular hemorrhage (SMH) and bacillary layer detachment (BALAD) following intervention.

Methods: This retrospective study examined fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans to identify treatment-naive SMH and BALAD cases. Two groups were formed: SMH cases with and without BALAD.

Punctate inner choroiditis and choroidal neovascular membrane formation following vitreoretinal surgery: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) and subsequent choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) development in a young, high myope following vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Case Description: A 44-year-old male with high myopia underwent pars plana vitrectomy for subtotal retinal detachment in the left eye, followed by cataract extraction and silicone oil removal. Three years postoperatively, he presented with blurred vision, and fundus examination revealed PIC lesions at the posterior pole.

Comparative analysis of pre-operative findings and post-operative outcomes in primary and secondary macular holes at a tertiary eye hospital in South India.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare demographics, clinical characteristics, and post-surgical outcomes between idiopathic and secondary full-thickness macular holes (MHs).

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 348 eyes from 339 patients treated between June 2017 and December 2023 was conducted. The study included both idiopathic and secondary MHs, excluding cases where surgery was not performed or lacked sufficient follow-up.

Evaluation of Systemic Risk Factors in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus for Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy with Random Forest Classification Model.

Background: This study aims to assess systemic risk factors in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and predict diabetic retinopathy (DR) using a Random Forest (RF) classification model.

Methods: We included DM patients presenting to the retina clinic for first-time DR screening. Data on age, gender, diabetes type, treatment history, DM control status, family history, pregnancy history, and systemic comorbidities were collected.

Characteristics of myelinated retinal nerve fibres in associated straatsma syndrome.

Purpose: To study cases diagnosed of myelinated retinal nerve fibres (MRNF) continuous with the optic disc and describe the plausible pathogenic mechanism for the ocular features in Straatsma syndrome.

Methods: This retrospective observational study includes clinically diagnosed MRNF cases. MRNF, myopia, and amblyopia defined Straatsma syndrome.

Posterior staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy: Evolution and successful treatment with subthreshold micro pulse Laser.

Purpose: To describe the evolution of posterior staphyloma-induced serous maculopathy (PSISM) in a patient with myopic tilted disc syndrome and its treatment with subthreshold micro pulse laser (SMPL) therapy.

Case Description: A 38-year-old male, diagnosed previously with classical features of myopic tilted disc syndrome presented to the retina clinic after 5 years from the initial presentation with blurred vision in the right eye for 6 months, visual acuity of 6/15 and findings of serous macular detachment (SMD) and subretinal precipitates at the upper margin of the posterior staphyloma. Retinal imaging ruled out other causes of SMD such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, myopic macular neovascularisation and dome shaped macula.

Successful resolution of serous macular detachment following glaucoma-filtering surgery alone for acquired optic disc pit maculopathy.

Purpose: To describe a case of acquired glaucomatous optic disc pit-related maculopathy successfully treated with glaucoma filtering surgery alone.

Case Description: A 67-year-old male was diagnosed with advanced primary open angle glaucoma in both eyes, with a cup: disc ratio of 0.85 in the right eye and 0.

Congenital versus acquired optic disc pit maculopathy: An OCT based study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the demographic, ocular, and imaging characteristics of a cohort of patients with congenital and acquired optic disc pit maculopathy (ODPM).

Methods: This retrospective case series included patients diagnosed with ODPM between June 2017 and April 2023. These patients' baseline demographics, ocular characteristics, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging characteristics and follow up changes were analyzed.

The role of concomitant immunosuppressants in impeding the progression of diabetic retinopathy: A pilot study.

Purpose: Hallmark of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is blood-retinal barrier alteration. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of DR. Anti-VEGFs and lasers are effective in treating DR but have numerous drawbacks, hence the need to develop alternative therapies that may delay the onset or progression of DR.