A Neonate Presenting With Large Abdominal Mass: A Rare Case of Congenital Leukemia.

Leukemia symptoms occurring in the first 4 weeks of infancy are known as congenital leukemia. We present a case of congenital leukemia in a full-term neonate manifesting at birth with a grossly distended abdomen due to a large abdominal mass. Ultrasonography of the abdomen showed a large abdominal mass originating from the liver.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Acute Kidney Injury in Preterm Neonates Hospitalized in the Neonatology Unit, North India: A Single-center Experience.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in premature newborns and is associated with high mortality. It is unclear which risk factors lead to AKI in these neonates. We aimed to determine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in preterm neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Clinical, Bacteriological Profile and Outcome of Neonatal Sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among neonates in Nepal. This study was conducted to determine the clinical-bacteriological profile, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and clinical outcome of culture-positive neonatal sepsis.

Methods: This was a prospective study conducted at B.

Microbiological and Clinicoepidemiological Profile of a Series of Patients with Infective Endocarditis at a Center in Eastern Nepal.

Background: The microbiological and clinicoepidemiological profile of infective endocarditis (IE) has undergone significant change over time. The pattern of IE studied at local level provides broader vision in understanding the current scenario of this disease. This study aimed to depict the overall picture of IE and its changing profile by evaluating the microbiological and clinicoepidemiological features in the context of a tertiary care center of eastern Nepal.

Neonatal mortality risk assessment using SNAPPE- II score in a neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: There are many scoring systems to predict neonatal mortality and morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). One of the scoring systems is SNAPPE-II (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal extension-II). This study was carried out to assess the validity of SNAPPE-II score (Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology with Perinatal Extension-II) as a predictor of neonatal mortality and duration of stay in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Prevalence of electrolyte disturbances in perinatal asphyxia: a prospective study.

Background: Birth asphyxia is defined as the presence of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis leading the newborn to systemic disturbances probably electrolyte disturbance also. Knowledge of these electrolyte disturbances is very valuable as it can be an important parameter affecting perinatal morbidity, mortality and ongoing management.

Methods: Serum sodium, potassium and ionized calcium of asphyxiated term newborn were sent within one hour of birth as per the inclusion criteria.

Moving forward on strengthening and sustaining National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) globally: Recommendations from the 2nd global NITAG network meeting.

National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) provide independent, evidence-informed advice to assist their governments in immunization policy formation. This is complex work and many NITAGs face challenges in fulfilling their roles. Inter-country NITAG collaboration opportunities have the potential to enhance NITAG function and grow the quality of recommendations.

Status of gastric lavage in neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Neonates born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) can develop feed intolerance during first few days of post -natal period. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with the objectives of to find out the incidence of feed intolerance in vigorous neonates with MSAF who received gastric lavage (GL) as compared to those in whom it was not performed.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial on 500 neonates satisfying the inclusion criteria, 230 were allocated to GL and 270 to no lavage group through computer generated random numbers.

Assessment of control of bronchial asthma in children using Childhood Asthma Control Test.

Background: The use of Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) has been advised for monitoring asthma control by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines.

Objective: To validate the tool C-ACT for the assessment of control of asthma and to examine the correlation between C-ACT score and lung function assessed by forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1).

Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between January 2010 to January 2011.

The functional, social and economic impact of acute encephalitis syndrome in Nepal--a longitudinal follow-up study.

Background: Over 133,000 children present to hospitals with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) annually in Asia. Japanese encephalitis (JE) accounts for approximately one-quarter of cases; in most cases no pathogen is identified and management is supportive. Although JE is known to result in neurological impairment, few studies have examined the wider impact of JE and AES on patients and their families.

Clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile encephalopathy in eastern Nepal.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and etiological profile of acute febrile encephalopathy in children presenting to a tertiary care referral center of Eastern Nepal.

Methods: 107 children (aged 1 month to 14 yrs) presenting to the emergency with fever (> 38 C) of less than 2 weeks duration with altered sensorium with/or without seizure were prospectively investigated for etiological cause. The investigations included blood and CSF counts, blood and CSF cultures, peripheral smear and serology for malarial parasite, and serology for Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus.