Combination of Dasatinib and Quercetin alleviates heat stress-induced cognitive deficits in aged and young adult male mice.

Objective: Dasatinib and quercetin (D & Q) have demonstrated promise in improving aged-related pathophysiological dysfunctions in humans and mice. Herein we aimed to ascertain whether the heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive deficits in aged or even young adult male mice can be reduced by D & Q therapy.

Methods: Before the onset of HS, animals were pre-treated with D & Q or placebo for 3 consecutive days every 2 weeks over a 10-week period.

Recovery of neurosurgical high-frequency electroporation injury in the canine brain can be accelerated by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone.

Background: Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs in a very short time, the biological consequence of a TBI, such as Alzheimer's disease, may last a lifetime. To date, effective interventions are not available to improve recovery from a TBI. Herein we aimed to ascertain whether recovery of neurosurgical high-frequency irreversible electroporation (HFIRE) injury in brain tissues can be accelerated by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF).

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone accelerates recovery of Brown-Sequard syndrome in adult female rats with spinal cord lateral hemisection.

Background: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF) mimicks the physiological action of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Since local BDNF delivery to the injured spinal cord enhanced diaphragmatic respiratory function, we aimed to ascertain whether DHF might have similar beneficial effects after Brown-Sequard Syndrome in a rat model of spinal cord lateral hemisection (HX) at the 9th thoracic (T9) vertebral level.

Methods: Three sets of adult female rats were included: sham+vehicle group, T9HX+vehicle group and T9HX+DHF group.

Astaxanthin, a carotenoid antioxidant, pretreatment alleviates cognitive deficits in aircraft noised mice by attenuating inflammatory and oxidative damage to the gut, heart and hippocampus.

Background: We first explore whether aircraft noise (AN) induces cognitive deficit via inducing oxidative damage in multiple vital organs including intestines, hearts and hippocampus tissues. Second, we explore whether the AN-induced cognitive deficits and inflammatory and oxidative damage to multiple organs can be alleviated by Astaxanthin (AX) pretreatment.

Methods: Cognitive deficits were induced by subjecting the mice to AN 2 h daily for 7 consecutive days.

[Ruifuping pectin protects against intestinal mucosal injury in the rat exertional heat stroke model].

Objective: To evaluate the intestinal function in rats with exertional heat stroke (EHS) and explore the protective role of Ruifuping pectin (RFP) against heat related intestinal mucosal injury.

Methods: One hundred and twenty healthy special pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normothermic control group, EHS model group, hyperthermic plus drinking water group (HO+EHS group) and hyperthermic plus pectin group (RFP+EHS group) with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the HO+EHS group and RFP+EHS group were given water 20 mL/kg or RFP 20 mL/kg orally for 5 days during adaptive training period.

Aircraft noise, like heat stress, causes cognitive impairments via similar mechanisms in male mice.

To our knowledge, little evidence is available about effects of aircraft noise (AN), a non-chemical stressor, on cognitive function. Again, it is unknown whether or not the heat stress (HS)-induced cognitive deficits can be exacerbated by AN. The adult male mice were assigned to four groups: group 1 mice exposed to non-HS (24-26 °C 2 h daily for 4 consecutive days) and white noise (WN) (2 h daily for 4 consecutive days), group 2 mice exposed to WN and HS (32-34 °C 2 h daily for 4 consecutive days), group 3 mice exposed to AN and non-HS (2 h daily for 4 consecutive days) and group 4 mice exposed to AN and HS (2 h daily for consecutive 4 days).

Melatonin ameliorates spatial memory and motor deficits via preserving the integrity of cortical and hippocampal dendritic spine morphology in mice with neurotrauma.

We aimed to elucidate the role of cortical and hippocampal dendritic spines on neurological deficits associated with hippocampal microgliosis, hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in mice with cortical compact impact (CCI) injury. In the present study, we found that CCI reduced spatial memory mean latency (10 s. vs 50 s) and motor dysfunction (130 s.

Microinjection of a growth factor cocktail affects activated microglia in the neocortex of adult rats.

Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in regulating neuronal processes, such as neural excitability, synaptic activity, and apoptotic cell clearance. Growth factors can activate multiple signaling pathways in central nervous system microglia and can regulate their immune effects, but whether growth factors can affect the morphological characteristics and ultrastructure of microglia has not been reported. After microinjecting 300 nL of a growth factor cocktail, including 10 μg/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 μg/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 10 μg/mL hepatocyte growth factor and 10 μg/mL insulin-like growth factor into adult rat cortex, we found that the number of IBA1-positive microglia around the injection area increased significantly, indicating local activation of microglia.

No DCX-positive neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex of the adult primate.

Whether endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult cortex remains controversial. An increasing number of reports suggest that doublecortin (DCX)-positive neurogenesis persists in the adult primate cortex, attracting enormous attention worldwide. In this study, different DCX antibodies were used together with NeuN antibodies in immunohistochemistry and western blot assays using adjacent cortical sections from adult monkeys.

A metabonomic investigation on the biochemical perturbation in post-stroke patients with depressive disorder (PSD).

A metabonomics study based on GC/MS and multivariate statistical analysis was performed involving 28 post stroke depressed (PSD) patients, 27 post-stroke non-depressed (PSND) patients and 33 healthy subjects to investigate the biochemical perturbation in their plasma samples. The outcome of this study showed that there was distinctive metabolic profile for PSD patients. Seven sentinel metabolites showed marked perturbations in PSD patients' blood.

GC-MS-based plasma metabolomic investigations of morphine dependent rats at different states of euphoria, tolerance and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal.

Long-term or excessive application of morphine leads to tolerance and addiction, which hindered its conventional applications as a drug. Although tremendous progress has been made on the mechanisms of morphine, crucial evidence elaborating the neurobiological basis of tolerance and dependence is still lacking. To further explore the physiological adaptions during morphine's application, a systematic screening of small molecules in blood has been carried out.