Test-retest reliability of coupling between cerebrospinal fluid flow and global brain activity after normal sleep and sleep deprivation.

The glymphatic system (GS) plays a key role in maintaining brain homeostasis by clearing metabolic waste during sleep, with the coupling between global blood-oxygen-level-dependent (gBOLD) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signals serving as a potential marker for glymphatic clearance function. However, the test-retest reliability and spatial heterogeneity of gBOLD-CSF coupling after different sleep conditions remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the test-retest reliability of gBOLD-CSF coupling following either normal sleep or total sleep deprivation (TSD) in 64 healthy adults under controlled laboratory conditions.

Locus coeruleus microstructural integrity is associated with vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation.

Insufficient sleep compromises cognitive performance, diminishes vigilance, and disrupts daily functioning in hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Despite extensive research revealing significant variability in vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation, the underlying mechanisms of these individual differences remain elusive. Locus coeruleus (LC) plays a crucial role in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles and has emerged as a potential marker for vigilance vulnerability to sleep deprivation.

Test-retest reliability and time-of-day variations of perfusion imaging at rest and during a vigilance task.

Arterial spin-labeled perfusion and blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI are indispensable tools for noninvasive human brain imaging in clinical and cognitive neuroscience, yet concerns persist regarding the reliability and reproducibility of functional MRI findings. The circadian rhythm is known to play a significant role in physiological and psychological responses, leading to variability in brain function at different times of the day. Despite this, test-retest reliability of brain function across different times of the day remains poorly understood.

In Situ Investigation of Microstructural Evolution and Intermetallic Compounds Formation at Liquid Al/Solid Cu Interface by Synchrotron X-ray Radiography.

Synchrotron radiation dynamic imaging technology combined with the static characterization method was used to study the microstructural evolution and the growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the liquid Al/solid Cu interface. The results show that the interfacial microstructure can be divided into layered solid diffusion microstructures (AlCu, AlCu, AlCu and AlCu) and solidification microstructures (AlCu, AlCu and AlCu) from the Cu side to the Al side. Meanwhile, the growth of bubbles formed during the melting, holding and solidification of an Al/Cu sample was also discussed, which can be divided into three modes: diffusion, coalescence and engulfment.

Mid-level Feature Differences Support Early Animacy and Object Size Distinctions: Evidence from Electroencephalography Decoding.

Responses to visually presented objects along the cortical surface of the human brain have a large-scale organization reflecting the broad categorical divisions of animacy and object size. Emerging evidence indicates that this topographical organization is supported by differences between objects in mid-level perceptual features. With regard to the timing of neural responses, images of objects quickly evoke neural responses with decodable information about animacy and object size, but are mid-level features sufficient to evoke these rapid neural responses? Or is slower iterative neural processing required to untangle information about animacy and object size from mid-level features, requiring hundreds of milliseconds more processing time? To answer this question, we used EEG to measure human neural responses to images of objects and their texform counterparts-unrecognizable images that preserve some mid-level feature information about texture and coarse form.

Multi-Item Discriminability Pattern to Faces in Developmental Prosopagnosia Reveals Distinct Mechanisms of Face Processing.

Previous studies have shown that individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) show specific deficits in face processing. However, the mechanism underlying the deficits remains largely unknown. One hypothesis suggests that DP shares the same mechanism as normal population, though their faces processing is disproportionally impaired.

Altered spontaneous neural activity in the occipital face area reflects behavioral deficits in developmental prosopagnosia.

Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) exhibit severe difficulties in recognizing faces and to a lesser extent, also exhibit difficulties in recognizing non-face objects. We used fMRI to investigate whether these behavioral deficits could be accounted for by altered spontaneous neural activity. Two aspects of spontaneous neural activity were measured: the intensity of neural activity in a voxel indexed by the fractional amplitude of spontaneous low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF), and the connectivity of a voxel to neighboring voxels indexed by regional homogeneity (ReHo).

A new approach to the diagnosis of deficits in processing faces: Potential application in autism research.

Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating the ability of individuals with ASD to process faces is thought to be important for understanding the nature of ASD. However, although a considerable body of evidence suggests that ASD individuals show specific impairments in face processing, a significant number of studies argue otherwise.

Individual differences in impulsivity predict head motion during magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides valuable data for understanding the human mind and brain disorders, but in-scanner head motion introduces systematic and spurious biases. For example, differences in MRI measures (e.g.

Individual differences in holistic processing predict face recognition ability.

Why do some people recognize faces easily and others frequently make mistakes in recognizing faces? Classic behavioral work has shown that faces are processed in a distinctive holistic manner that is unlike the processing of objects. In the study reported here, we investigated whether individual differences in holistic face processing have a significant influence on face recognition. We found that the magnitude of face-specific recognition accuracy correlated with the extent to which participants processed faces holistically, as indexed by the composite-face effect and the whole-part effect.