Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone alleviate ulcerative colitis via regulating TLR4, NF-κB and PI3K expression.

In this study, we aimed to study the mechanism of costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DEH) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and animal experiments. Firstly, network pharmacology was used to predict the target proteins of compounds and diseases. Subsequently, the network analysis was performed, and the key target proteins were screened out.

Aripiprazole disrupts cellular synchrony in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and enhances entrainment to environmental light-dark cycles in mice.

Many patients with psychiatric conditions, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, frequently experience disruptions in their sleep-wake cycles. Several case studies and clinical trials have shown that the administration of aripiprazole, a commonly prescribed antipsychotic drug, alleviates the symptoms of circadian sleep disorders in these patients. This improvement may be attributed to the effects of aripiprazole on the circadian central clock, specifically the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which regulates various circadian physiological rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle, in mammals.

Incorporating structural plasticity into self-organization recurrent networks for sequence learning.

Introduction: Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by biological neural networks, have received a surge of interest due to its temporal encoding. Biological neural networks are driven by multiple plasticities, including spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), structural plasticity, and homeostatic plasticity, making network connection patterns and weights to change continuously during the lifecycle. However, it is unclear how these plasticities interact to shape neural networks and affect neural signal processing.

Characteristics and risk factors for spontaneous and postoperative consecutive exotropia in children with esotropia.

Background: To investigate the risk factors for the development of consecutive exotropia (CXT) by comparing patients with spontaneous or postoperative CXT during follow-up with another group of patients who had no deviation or less than 10 prism dioptre (PD) esotropia.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 6 patients with spontaneous CXT (group A), 13 patients with postoperative CXT (group B), and 39 patients with no exotropia (group C) were enrolled. Probable risk factors for CXT were evaluated among the groups.

Diagnostic Capability of Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential for Early to Moderate Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic capability of isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) via comparison with visual field (VF) tests and pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP). This cross-sectional study enrolled 68 subjects, including 33 POAG patients and 35 controls. All subjects underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, including icVEP, PVEP, and VF tests.

Choroidal thickness and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese school-age children with high using optical coherence tomography.

Background: The current study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese children with high hyperopia through enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).

Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 23 children with high hyperopia and 29 children with normal refractive status were retrospectively enrolled in the study.

Selective transplantation method of leafy vegetable seedlings based on ResNet 18 network.

To solve the problem of low survival rate caused by unscreened transplanting of seedlings. This study proposed a selective transplanting method of leafy vegetable seedlings based on the ResNet 18 network. Lettuce seedlings were selected as the research object, and a total of 3,388 images were obtained in the dataset.

β-Trioxopyrrocorphins: pyrrocorphins of graded aromaticity.

Octaethyltrioxopyrrocorphins unexpectedly show macrocycle-aromatic properties, even though they contain the macrocyclic π-system of the non-aromatic pyrrocorphins (hexahydroporphyrins). Two of the four possible triketone regioisomers were first reported in 1969 by one-pot oxidation of octaethylporphyrin but remained essentially unexplored since. We detail here the targeted preparation of the remaining two triketone isomers and the optical and NMR spectroscopic properties of all isomers.

Structural and Photophysical Characterization of All Five Constitutional Isomers of the Octaethyl-β,β'-dioxo-bacterio- and -isobacteriochlorin Series.

It is well-known that treatment of β-octaethylporphyrin with H O /conc. H SO converts it to a β-oxochlorin as well as all five constitutional isomers of the corresponding β,β'-dioxo-derivatives: two bacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo groups at opposite pyrrolic building blocks) and three isobacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo-groups at adjacent pyrrolic building blocks). By virtue of the presence of the strongly electronically coupled β-oxo auxochromes, none of the chromophores are archetypical chlorins, bacteriochlorins, or isobacteriochlorins.

Applications of the isolated-check visual evoked potential in primary open angle glaucoma with or without high myopia.

Aim: To explore the diagnostic performance of isolated-check visual evoked potential (icVEP) for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in both highly myopic and non-highly myopic populations and compare it with those of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) parameters.

Methods: A total of 126 participants were recruited, including 31 highly myopic participants with POAG (HM-POAG), 36 non-highly myopic participants with POAG (NHM-POAG), 25 highly myopic participants without POAG (HM) and 34 controls without high myopia (Normal). All the participants underwent a complete ophthalmic examination.

Comparison of corneal biomechanics among primary open-angle glaucoma with normal tension or hypertension and controls.

Background: Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is a less pressure-dependent type of glaucoma with characteristic optic neuropathy. Recently, the biomechanical mechanism has been thought to account for glaucomatous optic neuropathy to some degree. We intended to compare dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs) among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal tension or hypertension and controls.

Diagnostic capability of different morphological parameters for primary open-angle glaucoma in the Chinese population.

Background: To assess the diagnostic capability of novel Bruch's membrane opening (BMO)-based disc parameters, the BMO-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and the BMO-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA) in the Chinese population and compare them to the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the rim area (RA) from the Heidelberg retinal tomograph-III (HRT-III).

Methods: In total, 200 eyes of 77 healthy and 123 primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. All participants underwent the visual field test and structural measurements by OCT and HRT-III.

Goniosynechialysis combined with multiple surgeries for secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos: A case report.

Background: Management of secondary glaucoma in nanophthalmos has always been challenging, especially for patients with extremely short axial length and extensive angle synechia. This case report discusses a nanophthalmic patient with secondary glaucoma and extensive angle synechia.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) in her left eye (LE).

Structural characterization, hypoglycemic effects and antidiabetic mechanism of a novel polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl.

The rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum has been used as a traditional medicine in China. In this study, a novel polysaccharides (PKPs-1) was isolated from P. kingianum and characterized by its molecular weight, primary structure.

Identification of Tibetan medicine Dida based on DNA barcoding.

The purpose of this study was to test the ability of DNA barcoding to identify the herbal raw trade of Tibetan medicine Dida in China. A reference database for plant-material DNA barcodes was successfully constructed and used to identify 36 commercially samples of Dida collected from Southwest China. The ITS sequence was amplified from these samples and the efficiency of the PCR amplification of ITS was 100%.

Evaluation of Octaethyl-7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin as a Ligand for Transition Metals.

The propensity of octaethyl-7,17-dioxobacteriochlorin toward the formation of transition metal complexes was evaluated. A variety of M ions (M = Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pd, Ag, and Cd) and Fe(III) could be inserted using standard methodologies or, more often, using more forcing conditions. The stable products were spectroscopically characterized.

Structure-function relationship between Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width and perimetry in open-angle glaucoma subtypes.

Purpose: To seek the threshold value of Bruch's membrane opening-minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) where visual field (VF) damage occurs in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and explore whether there are structural differences between primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: We recruited 83 healthy and 106 glaucoma (49 with POAG and 57 with NTG) subjects for this study. All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), BMO-MRW scans, and Humphrey visual field (VF) analyzer examination.

Effect of context exposure after fear learning on memory generalization in mice.

Background: The conditions under which memory generalization occurs are not well understood. Although it is believed that fear memory generalization is gradually established after learning, it is not clear whether experiences soon after learning affect generalization.

Results: Using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in mice, we found that fear memory generalization occurred when mice were exposed to a familiar, unconditioned context soon after fear learning.

Rheological and kinetic study of the ultrasonic degradation of locust bean gum in aqueous saline and salt-free solutions.

The ultrasonic degradation of locust bean gum (LBG) in aqueous solutions has been studied at 25°C for ultrasonication times up to 120 min. Although LBG is not a polyelectrolyte, the degradation extent and kinetics were found to be somewhat sensitive to the ionic conditions in solution, and this is attributed to changes in molecular conformation that can occur in different salt environments. Ultrasonic degradation was tracked by rheological measurements that lead to the determination of intrinsic viscosity for the LBG molecules.

Indachlorins: nonplanar indanone-annulated chlorin analogues with panchromatic absorption spectra between 300 and 900 nm.

Indaphyrins, pyrrole-modified porphyrins containing a cleaved pyrrole β,β'-bond and two annulated indanone moieties, possess unusually broadened and redshifted UV/Vis spectra because of their π-expanded chromophores. The parent free base indaphyrin has been crystallographically characterized, highlighting its strongly ruffled conformation incorporating a helimeric twist. It was shown to be susceptible to regiospecific derivatizations at the opposite side of the ring-cleaved pyrrole (dihydroxylation, followed by functional group transformations of the resulting diol functionality), generating indaphyrin-based chlorin analogues, indachlorins, that incorporate a dihydroxypyrroline, pyrrolindione, oxazolone, or a morpholine moiety.

Octaethyl-1,3-oxazinochlorin: A β-Octaethylchlorin Analogue Made by Pyrrole Expansion.

Treatment of the oxime of octaethyloxochlorin 4, available from octaethylporphyrin 3, under Beckmann conditions provided not the expected lactam, but octaethyl-1,3-oxazinochlorin 8, in which a pyrrole moiety of the parent oxochlorin was expanded by an oxygen atom to an 1,3-oxazinone moiety. Its mechanism of formation was demonstrated to occur along an "abnormal Beckmann" pathway, followed by intramolecular ring closure and hydrolysis. The work expands the methodologies known to convert octaethylporphyrin to pyrrole-modified porphyrin analogues.

Rheological and kinetic study of the ultrasonic degradation of xanthan gum in aqueous solution: effects of pyruvate group.

The influence of the pyruvate group on the efficiency of ultrasonic degradation of xanthan gum in aqueous solution has been studied. Blends of natural and pyruvate-free xanthan gums were ultrasonicated at 20°C for up to 30min and evaluated for molecular-weight degradation by viscometry. Solutions of pure pyruvate-free xanthan exhibited the highest stability to degradation among all blend ratios studied.

Rheological and kinetic study of the ultrasonic degradation of xanthan gum in aqueous solutions.

The effectiveness of ultrasound to degrade the molecular weight of xanthan gum in aqueous solutions was investigated for sonication times up to 60 min at 20 °C and for polymer concentrations up to 0.1g/dl. The Huggins equation was found to be applicable to the intrinsic viscosity of xanthan gum prior to sonication, while a truncated form was found to be adequate for estimating the intrinsic viscosity of the degraded xanthan.

Synthesis, structural characterization, aromatic characteristics, and metalation of neo-confused porphyrins, a newly discovered class of porphyrin isomers.

Neo-confused porphyrins represent a unique family of porphyrin isomers that retain overall aromatic characteristics by virtue of a 17-atom 18π electron delocalization pathway. These porphyrin analogues have a pyrrolic subunit linked in a 1,3-fashion so that a nitrogen atom is directly connected to a meso-bridging carbon. Pyrrole-3-carbaldehydes were shown to react with sodium hydride and 5-acetoxymethylpyrrole-2-carbaldehydes in DMF to give the crucial neo-confused dipyrrolic dialdehyde intermediates.

Synthesis of a neo-confused porphyrin and an unusual dihydroporphyrin derivative.

MacDonald "2 + 2" condensation of a 1,2'-dipyrrylmethane dialdehyde with a 2,2'-dipyrrylmethane afforded a neo-confused porphyrin in 55% yield. In addition, a novel dihydroporphyrin with two appended pyrrolic units was isolated and structurally characterized.