Topping and NPK fertilization alter seed germination, plant growth and active components of .

Introduction: , a tall herbaceous plant, has been traditionally utilized as a herbal remedy both in China and Russia.

Methods: This study was set to explore how to cultivate high quality seedlings, considering factors such as seedling time, seeding density, shading, and plastic film mulching. In addition, we investigated the impact of topping and fertilizer on the growth and quality of .