Distinguishing benign from malignant lesions with high [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in oncology patients: Insights from dynamic total-body [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT.

Background And Purpose: While [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT is widely used in various malignant tumors diagnosis, its specificity is challenged by high uptake in benign lesions such as inflammatory lymphadenopathy, bone fractures, and degenerative changes. This study aimed to quantitatively assess and characterize the metabolic heterogeneity of [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in benign and malignant lesions using dynamic total-body PET/CT.

Methods: Dynamic total-body [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans (0-60 min post-injection) were performed on 17 oncology patients.

Bidirectional dynamic frame prediction network for total-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET images.

Purpose: Total-body dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with total-body coverage and ultrahigh sensitivity has played an important role in accurate tracer kinetic analyses in physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology. However, dynamic PET scans typically entail prolonged durations ([Formula: see text]60 minutes), potentially causing patient discomfort and resulting in artifacts in the final images. Therefore, we propose a dynamic frame prediction method for total-body PET imaging via deep learning technology to reduce the required scanning time.

Sedation-free pediatric [F]FDG imaging on totalbody PET/CT with the assistance of artificial intelligence.

Purpose: While sedation is routinely used in pediatric PET examinations to preserve diagnostic quality, it may result in side effects and may affect the radiotracer's biodistribution. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of sedation-free pediatric PET imaging using ultra-fast total-body (TB) PET scanners and deep learning (DL)-based attenuation and scatter correction (ASC).

Methods: This retrospective study included TB PET (uExplorer) imaging of 35 sedated pediatric patients under four years old to determine the minimum effective scanning time.

The superior detection rate of total-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT compared to short axial field-of-view [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for early recurrent prostate cancer patients with PSA < 0.2 ng/mL after radical prostatectomy.

Background And Purpose: [Ga]Ga-PSMA PET imaging has been extensively utilized for the detection of biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer. However, the detection rate declines to merely 10-40% when PSA levels are < 0.2 ng/mL employing short axial field-of-view (SAFOV) PET.

Intelligent ultrafast total-body PET for sedation-free pediatric [F]FDG imaging.

Purpose: This study aims to develop deep learning techniques on total-body PET to bolster the feasibility of sedation-free pediatric PET imaging.

Methods: A deformable 3D U-Net was developed based on 245 adult subjects with standard total-body PET imaging for the quality enhancement of simulated rapid imaging. The developed method was first tested on 16 children receiving total-body [F]FDG PET scans with standard 300-s acquisition time with sedation.

The image quality and feasibility of solitary delayed [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT using long field-of-view scanning in patients with prostate cancer.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that delayed [ Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging improves lesion detection compared to early [ Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT in patients with prostate cancer. However, the sole use of delayed [ Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT has been limited due to the insufficient number of photons obtained with standard PET/CT scanners. The combination of early and delayed [ Ga]Ga-PSMA standard PET/CT may be considered, and it is challenging to incorporate into a high-demand clinical setting.

F-FDG PET Is Not Inferior to Ga-PSMA PET for Detecting Biochemical Recurrent Prostate Cancer with a High Gleason Score: A Head-to-Head Comparison Study.

Previous studies have indicated that F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in biochemical recurrence (BCR) patients with poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma had higher diagnostic sensitivity than those with well differentiated adenocarcinoma, but whether the performance of FDG PET can achieve the effect of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET in BCR patients with a high Gleason score remains poorly understood. This study aimed to compare the efficacies of F-FDG PET/CT and Ga-PSMA PET/CT for BCR patients and evaluate whether F-FDG PET was not inferior to Ga-PSMA PET for detecting BCR with a high Gleason score. This was a retrospective, head-to-head comparative study completed at Ren Ji Hospital between May 2018 and June 2021.

2-[F]FDG PET-based quantification of lymph node metabolic heterogeneity for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Background And Purpose: The pre-surgical estimation of lymph node (LN) metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant diagnostic predicament. The associations between LN morphology, density, and metabolic heterogeneity and LN metastasis status in CRCs have been seldomly examined through the lens of radiomics. This research aimed to assess 2-[F]FDG PET-based quantification of intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity for predicting lymph node metastasis in patients with colorectal cancer.

Assessing dynamic metabolic heterogeneity in prostate cancer patients via total-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging: quantitative analysis of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in pathological lesions and normal organs.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantitatively assess [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake in pathological lesions and normal organs in prostate cancer using the total-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and to characterize the dynamic metabolic heterogeneity of prostate cancer.

Methods: Dynamic total-body [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scans were performed on ten prostate cancer patients. Manual delineation of volume-of-interests (VOIs) was performed on multiple normal organs displaying high [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 uptake, as well as pathological lesions.

Total-body PET/CT with half-dose [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for biochemical recurrent prostate cancer: comparable diagnostic value to short axial field-of-view PET/CT with full-dose [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance and image quality of total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging using a half-dose of [ Ga]Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen ([ Ga]Ga-PSMA) radiotracer, compared to conventional short axial field-of-view PET/CT imaging using a full dose of [ Ga]Ga-PSMA.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 52 patients with biochemical recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy who underwent total-body PET/CT with a half-dose (0.9-1.

Comparison of parametric imaging and SUV imaging with [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 using dynamic total-body PET/CT in prostate cancer.

Purpose: Standardized uptake value (SUV) has been prevalently used to measure [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 activity in prostate cancer, but it is susceptible to multiple factors. Parametric imaging allows for absolute quantification of tracer uptake and provides a better diagnostic accuracy that is crucial for lesion detection. However, the clinical significance of total-body parametric imaging of [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 remains to be fully assessed.

Improved [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 image qualities reconstructed by total variation regularized expectation maximization on total-body PET/CT.

Background: Total variation regularized expectation maximization (TVREM) reconstruction algorithm on the image quality of gallium (GA) prostate-specific membrane antigen-11 ([Ga]Ga-PSMA-11) total-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).

Methods: Images of a phantom with small hot sphere inserts and the total-body PET/CT scans of 51 prostate cancer patients undergoing [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 were reconstructed using TVREM with 5 different penalization factors between 0.09 and 0.

Total-body [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT improves detection rate compared with conventional [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess whether total-body [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT could improve the detection rate compared with conventional [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in patients with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer.

Methods: Two hundred biochemical recurrent prostate cancer patients with similar clinicopathological characteristics were included, of whom 100 patients underwent early total-body [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and diuretic-delayed total-body [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, and the other 100 patients received early conventional [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and diuretic-delayed conventional [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. The detection rates of total-body [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and conventional [ Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were compared using a chi-square test and stratified analysis.

Feasibility of acquisitions using total-body PET/CT with a half-dose [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 activity in oncology patients.

Background: [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 (gallium-68-labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor-04) PET/CT has been widely used in diagnosing malignant tumors. Total-body PET/CT has a long axial field of view and provides higher sensitivity compared to traditional PET/CT. However, whether the reduced injected dose of [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 could obtain qualified imaging has not been evaluated.

Relationship between the expression of PD-L1 and F-FDG uptake in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Background: PD-L1 promotes glycolysis in tumour cells. We observed a correlation between high PD-L1 expression and high F-FDG uptake in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in a previous study. This study aims to determine the usefulness of F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating the PD-L1 status in PDAC and to elucidate its rationality by integrated analyses.

Baseline PSMA-PET/CT as a predictor of PSA persistence following radical prostatectomy in high-risk nonmetastatic prostate cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy.

Background: The precise staging and proper management of high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) continues to be a challenge. We aimed to demonstrate the prognostic value of baseline prostate-specific membrane antigen-ligand positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PSMA-PET/CT) in high-risk, nonmetastatic PCa patients who received neoadjuvant hormonal or chemohormonal treatment followed by radical prostatectomy (RP).

Methods: We performed retrospective analyses of 70 patients with high-risk, nonmetastatic PCa confirmed by biopsy between 2018 and 2021.

Relationship between SUVmax on 18F-FDG PET and PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Purpose: Our study was to investigate the correlation between F-FDG uptake in HCC and tumor PD-L1 expression in HCC, and assess the value of F-FDG PET/CT imaging for predicting PD-L1 expression in HCC.

Methods: A total of 102 patients with confirmed HCC were included in this retrospective study. The PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltrating of tumors were determined through immunohistochemistry staining.

First Total-Body Kinetic Modeling and Parametric Imaging of Dynamic Ga-FAPI-04 PET in Pancreatic and Gastric Cancer.

Fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is an ideal diagnostic and therapeutic target in malignant tumors. However, the knowledge of kinetic modeling and parametric imaging of Ga-FAPI is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT in pancreatic cancer and gastric cancer and to conduct parametric imaging of dynamic total-body data compared with SUV imaging.

Tumor-to-blood ratio for assessment of fibroblast activation protein receptor density in pancreatic cancer using [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04.

Purpose: [Ga]Ga-FAPI PET/CT has been widely used in clinical diagnosis and radiopharmaceutical therapy. In this study, tumor-to-blood ratio (TBR) was evaluated as a powerful tool for semiquantitative assessment of [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 tumor uptake and as an effective index for tumors with high FAP expression in theranostics.

Methods: Nine patients with pancreatic cancer underwent a 60-min dynamic PET/CT scan by total-body PET/CT (with a long AFOV of 194 cm) after injection of [Ga]Ga-FAPI-04.

The feasibility of ultra-early and fast total‑body [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT scan.

Purpose: [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT has been widely used in oncology patients. The patients need to lie still for 20-30 min during scan after waiting for 60 min post-tracer injection in traditional [ Ga]Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT scan. This is difficult for some patients who are intolerant to prolonged horizontal positioning and waiting time.

Genomic Profiling and Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition plus Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in FH-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: FH-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare and exceptionally aggressive RCC subtype. There is currently limited understanding of the molecular alterations, pathogenesis, survival outcomes, and systemic therapy efficacy for this cancer.

Objective: To perform a retrospective multicenter analysis of molecular profiling and clinical outcomes for patients with FH-deficient RCC, with an emphasis on treatment response to first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor plus tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ICI/TKI) versus bevacizumab plus erlotinib (Bev/Erlo) combination therapy in patients with advanced disease.

Differential Diagnostic Value of Histology in MPLC and IPM: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: The paramount issue regarding multiple lung cancer (MLC) is whether it represents multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) or intrapulmonary metastasis (IPM), as this directly affects both accurate staging and subsequent clinical management. As a classic method, histology has been widely utilized in clinical practice. However, studies examining the clinical value of histology in MLC have yielded inconsistent results; thus, this remains to be evaluated.

The Added Value of F-FDG PET/CT Compared with Ga-PSMA PET/CT in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (Ga-PSMA) PET/CT is a commonly used imaging modality in prostate cancers. However, few studies have compared the diagnostic efficiency between Ga-PSMA and F-FDG PET/CT and evaluated whether a heterogeneous metabolic phenotype (especially Ga-PSMA-negative [-], F-FDG-positive [+] lesions) exists in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We determined the added value of F-FDG PET/CT compared with Ga-PSMA PET/CT in CRPC patients and identified CRPC patients who may benefit from additional F-FDG PET/CT.

Determination of optimal Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging time in prostate cancers by total-body dynamic PET/CT.

Background:  Ga-PSMA PET/CT has been widely used in patients with prostate cancer. Due to the limited axial field of view of conventional PET scanners, whole-body dynamic  Ga-PSMA PET/CT has not been performed. We investigated the time-activity curves (TACs) of prostate cancer pathological lesions and physiologic bladder activity to determine the optimal  Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging time by total-body (TB) PET/CT.