Impact of Maternal Diabetes Mellitus on Neonatal Outcomes among Infants <32 Weeks of Gestation in China: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective: Our study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) and mortality and major morbidities for very preterm infants, as well as the effects of insulin-treated MDM, in the Chinese population.

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study included all preterm infants born at 24 to 31 weeks of gestation and admitted to 57 tertiary neonatal intensive care units participating in the Chinese Neonatal Network in 2019. All infants were followed up until discharging from the hospitals.

Effect of gangliosides combined with mouse NGF on the expression of serum HIF-1α, NSE, and sICAM-1 levels in neonates with HIE.

Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the effects of gangliosides combined with mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) on the expression of serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) levels in neonates with ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy (HIE).

Methods: One hundred and thirty neonates with HIE admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to April 2019 were grouped into two groups according to the protocol of a randomized controlled trial, with 65 cases in each group. The control group received ganglioside treatment, while the combined group was treated with ganglioside + NGF for 2 weeks.

[Risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity in very/extremely low birth weight infants: a multicenter investigation in China].

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate and risk factors for metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP) in very low birth weight/extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants.

Methods: The medical data of 61 786 neonates from multiple centers of China between September 1, 2013 and August 31, 2016 were retrospectively investigated, including 504 VLBW/ELBW preterm infants who met the inclusion criteria. Among the 504 infants, 108 infants diagnosed with MBDP were enrolled as the MBDP group and the remaining 396 infants were enrolled as the non-MBDP group.

[Association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis with respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants with a gestational age of < 32 weeks].

Objective: To study the association of different stages of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) with the incidence rate and severity of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants.

Methods: Related data were collected from the infants and their mothers who were treated in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, from January 2018 to June 2020. According to the presence or absence of HCA and its stage, the infants were divided into four groups: control (=109), early-stage HCA (=126), middle-stage HCA (=105), and late-stage HCA (=36).

The relationship between platelet indices and patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), one of the most common disorders in newborns, is associated with many complications in premature infants such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hsPDA) is still an ongoing debate. The relationship between platelet parameters and hsPDA has been explored in many studies over the last decade, but there is still no definite conclusion.

Neonatal Outcomes Following Culture-negative Late-onset Sepsis Among Preterm Infants.

Background: Culture-negative late-onset sepsis (LOS) is commonly diagnosed in neonatal intensive care units, while the outcomes of neonatal culture-negative LOS are not reported for large cohorts. This study aimed to examine the incidence and neonatal outcomes for culture-negative LOS in a contemporary multicenter cohort of preterm infants.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of data from a cluster-randomized controlled study.

[Association between S100B gene polymorphisms and hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 infection].

Objective: To investigate the association between rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene and hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus 71.

Methods: A total of 124 HFMD children with enterovirus 71 infection were enrolled as subjects, and 56 healthy children were enrolled as control group. The rs9722 polymorphisms in the S100B gene were detected for both groups, and the serum level of S100B protein was measured for 74 HFMD children.

[Value of serum S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase levels in predicting the severity of hand, foot and mouth disease].

Objective: To study the value of serum S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in predicting the severity of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD).

Methods: Ninety children with HFMD were classified into three groups: common type, severe type, and critical type (n=30 each). Thirty healthy children were randomly selected as the control group.

Effect of Carvedilol on Serum Heart-type Fatty Acid-binding Protein, Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Cardiac Function in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.

Objective: To observe the changes of serum heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (h-FABP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in children with chronic heart failure (CHF) and evaluate the effects of carvedilol.

Methods: A total of 36 patients with CHF, including 17 of endocardial fibroelastosis and 19 of dilated cardiomyopathy, were enrolled and were randomly divided into a carvedilol treatment group (group A) and a conventional treatment group (group B). Group A (n = 16) was treated with carvedilol and conventional treatment and group B (n = 20) was managed with conventional treatment only.

Polymorphism analysis of CTLA-4 in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

To investigate the correlation between cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A total of 86 children of ALL (23 HR, 54SR) and 112 healthy controls was selected. The genptypes were determined by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR product sequencing.

Epidemiologic survey on hospitalized neonates in China.

Objective: To carry out a nationwide epidemiologic survey on the neonates in urban hospitals with an attempt to understand the disease spectrum and treatment outcomes of hospitalized neonates in China.

Methods: The clinical data of 43,289 hospitalized neonates from 86 hospitals in 47 Chinese cities (22 provinces) between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The male:female ratio was 1.

Effects of inhaled nitric oxide in neonatal hypoxemic respiratory failure from a multicenter controlled trial.

Background: Hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) is one of the most common causes for neonatal infants requiring aggressive respiratory support. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) has been established routinely as an adjunct to conventional respiratory support in developed countries. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of iNO in neonates with HRF in resource limited condition with no or limited use of surfactant, high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

[Comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy and their relationship with neurologic subtypes and Gross Motor Function Classification System levels].

Objective: To analyze the comorbidities in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) from two perspectives as neurologic subtype and gross motor functions, and find their correlations.

Methods: Children with cerebral palsy treated in the rehabilitation center from January 2007 to June 2009 received the following examinations: intelligence capacity test, ophthalmologic consultation, language-speech test, brainstem auditory evoked potential and electroencephalogram. They were stratified according to both neurologic subtype and gross motor functions to detect the occurrence of comorbidities.

Selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial in China.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of selective head cooling with mild systemic hypothermia in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborn infants.

Study Design: Infants with HIE were randomly assigned to the selective head cooling or control group. Selective head cooling was initiated within 6 hours after birth to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 34 degrees+/-0.

Growth and development of infants with asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

Purpose: To observe changes in audiology, intellectual development, behavior development, and physical growth during systematic follow-up of infants with asymptomatic congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two infants diagnosed with asymptomatic congenital HCMV infection from July 2003 to July 2007 served as the infection group, and 21 healthy infants served as the control group. All infants were confirmed to have HCMV infection by Fluorescent Quantative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR).

[Influence of congenital asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection on development of infants].

Objective: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human-specific DNA virus and is the main cause of congenital virus infection worldwide. Although 90% of the congenitally infected infants are clinically asymptomatic at birth, evidences show that these infants are at risk for audiologic, neurologic, and developmental sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of children with asymptomatic congenital human cytomegalovirus infection identified from a cohort of newborn infants screened for congenital HCMV infection compared with matched uninfected control subjects.