HIV and risk of hypertension: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Objective: Previous studies have shown that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with hypertension; however, the results of these studies are affected by a variety of confounding factors. There is no definite evidence to prove a causal relationship between these two factors. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between HIV infection and hypertension.

Nunataks or massif de refuge? A phylogeographic study of Rhodiola crenulata (Crassulaceae) on the world's highest sky islands.

Background: Quaternary climatic oscillations had tremendous effects on the current distribution of species. Here, we aim to elucidate the glacial history of Rhodiola crenulata, a perennial herb almost exclusively restricted to rock crevices on mountain peaks, and to test whether the nunatak or massif de refuge hypotheses could explain its distribution pattern.

Results: Six haplotypes and six ribotypes were detected in the cpDNA data set and the ITS data set, respectively.

Climate Is Not All: Evidence From Phylogeography of (Crassulaceae) and Comparison to Its Closest Relatives.

How geological events and climate oscillations in the Pleistocene glaciation shaped the geographic distribution of genetic variation of species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and its adjacent areas has been extensively studied. However, little studies have investigated whether closely related species in the same genus with similar physiological and life history traits responded similarly to the glacial climatic oscillations. If this is not the case, we would expect that the population histories of studied species were not driven by extrinsic environmental changes alone.

Author Correction: Establishment of the most comprehensive ITS2 barcode database to date of the traditional medicinal plant Rhodiola (Crassulaceae).

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

Establishment of the most comprehensive ITS2 barcode database to date of the traditional medicinal plant Rhodiola (Crassulacaee).

The roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola crenulata and R. rosea have been used worldwide as adaptogens for hundreds of years. However, rapid growth in demand has resulted in merchants using other species of Rhodiola as adulterants.