Impact of body mass index on peripheral and uterine immune status in the window of implantation in patients with recurrent reproductive failure.

This study aimed to investigate whether maternal obesity affects the immune status of peripheral blood and endometrium in patients with recurrent reproductive failure classified according to their body mass index (BMI). A total of 228 repeated implantation failure (RIF) and 266 recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients were enrolled in the study and further subdivided into three groups according to their BMI: (i) normal weight (18.5≤ BMI <23); (ii) overweight (23≤ BMI <25); and (iii) obese (BMI ≥25).

Human chorionic gonadotropin potentially affects pregnancy outcome in women with recurrent implantation failure by regulating the homing preference of regulatory T cells.

Problem: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to play important roles during the initial stage of pregnancy. However, the clinical relevance and mechanism of the effects of hCG on Treg functions in women with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remain to be elucidated.

Method Of Study: Thirty-four RIF and twenty-three control women were included in the study.

Modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral cellular immunity in patients with recurrent miscarriage.

Problem: We aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of vitamin D on peripheral blood cellular immune response in patients with recurrent miscarriage (RM).

Method Of Study: The effect of vitamin D on the number of peripheral blood cells, T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines, and NK cytotoxicity was measured in 99 women with RM.

Results: The percentage of CD19 B cells and NK cytotoxicity at an effector-to-target cell (E:T) ratio of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.

The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in peripheral blood of women with recurrent implantation failure.

Limited information is available on the balance state of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF). This study assessed the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of 34 patients with RIF, compared with those of 25 women with a successful pregnancy in the first IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) cycle. The IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-4 concentrations were higher, whereas the TGF-β1 concentration was lower in the RIF group compared with the control group.