Two new baccharane triterpenes isolated from .

Two new baccharane triterpenes, 17,24-epoxy-23-en-baccharan-3-one () and 17,24()-epoxy-25-en-21-hydroxy-baccharan-3-one () were isolated from Mill. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Four new iridoid glycosides from the roots of .

Four new iridoid glycosides (-), rehmaglutosides L-O, were isolated from the air-dried roots of . Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known mellittoside () and ajugol () were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of mellittoside was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data.

Four sesquiterpenes isolated from .

One new sesquiterpene, (6,7,11)-13-carboxy-1(10)-en-dihydroartemisinic acid (), together with three known sesquiterpenes, ainsliaea acid B (), mongolicumin B (), and 11,13-dihydroxydeacetylmatricarin () were isolated from Hand.-Mazz. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Seven new pentasaccharides from the roots of .

Seven new pentasaccharides (-), rehmaglupentasaccharides A-G, were isolated from the air-dried roots of . Their structures were established from the spectroscopic data obtained and by chemical evidence. The known verbascose () and stachyose () were also obtained in the current investigation, and the structure of stachyose was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data.

Three new pyridine alkaloids and one new iridoid analogue from the leaves of .

As part of an ongoing project on species, three new pyridine alkaloides (glutinosines A - C), and one new iridoid analogue (rehmaglutin E), were isolated from the leaves of . The structures of the new compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism calculations.

Four ionones and ionone glycosides from the whole plant of .

Four new ionones and ionone glycosides (-) were isolated from the whole plant of Maxim. Their planar structures as well as absolute configuration were confirmed via spectroscopic analysis, ECD calculation, and X-ray crystallography. Compounds - were tested for their cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines and ability to inhibit LPS-activated NO production in the BV2 cell line.

Two new sesquiterpene dimers isolated from the roots of (Yunmuxiang).

Two new sesquiterpene dimers, lappadimers A and B, were isolated from the roots of (Yunmuxiang). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. They were found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity at 10 M and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rates of 67% and 47%, respectively.

Ganoderic acid A protects neural cells against NO stress injury in vitro via stimulating β adrenergic receptors.

Excessive nitric oxide (NO) causes extensive damage to the nervous system, and the adrenergic system is disordered in many neuropsychiatric diseases. However, the role of the adrenergic system in protection of the nervous system against sodium nitroprusside (SNP) injury remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of ganoderic acid A (GA A) against SNP injury in neural cells and the role of adrenergic receptors in GA A neuroprotection.

[Reviews on natural monocyclic sesquiterpenoids and their bioactivities].

Sesquiterpenes are a class of terpenoids composed of three isoprene units( 15 carbons). Sesquiterpenoids possess a variety of different structures,including acyclic sesquiterpenes,monocyclic sesquiterpenoids,bicyclic sesquiterpenoids,tricyclic sesquiterpenoids,tetracyclic sesquiterpenoids and macrocyclic sesquiterpenoids. Among them,a large number of monocyclic sesquiterpenoids were isolated and display extensive bioactivities,such as cytotoxic,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial and other activities.

Five new iridoids from the whole plants of .

Five new iridoids (), jiohenrins A-E, together with sixteen known compounds (), were isolated from the whole plants of . The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data.

Rearranged iridal-type triterpenoids from Iris tectorum.

Three new iridal-type triterpenoids (1-3) featuring a rearranged homofarnesylside chain were isolated from the rhizomes of Iris tectorum. Compounds 2 and 3 were found to be a pair of epimers. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis.

Nine new compounds from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi.

Eight new iridoids (1-8) and an ionone glucoside (9), together with 31 known compounds (10-40), were isolated from the whole plants of Rehmannia henryi. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence.

[Reviews on natural naphthoquinones and their bioactivities].

The naphthaquinones are widely distributed in plants. They are usually in higher plants, but a few of them were also found in microorganisms. There is a lot of research showing that they had multiple pharmaco-activities such as cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, etc.

A Chemical Investigation of the Leaves of L.

The leaves of L. are an important herbal medicine in Asia. The systematic isolation of the metabolites of the leaves of L.

[Constituents isolated from n-butanol extract of leaves of Moringa oleifera].

Seventeen compounds were isolated from n-butanol extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera, using column chromatography over macroporous resin HP-20,Sephadex LH-20, and ODS. Their structures were identified as two carboline,tangutorid E(1) and tangutorid F(2); three phenolic glycosides,niazirin(3)，benzaldehyde 4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(4) and 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosidebenzoic acid(5); four chlorogenic acid and derivatives,4-caffeoylquinic acid(6),methyl 4-caffeoylquinate(7),caffeoylquinic acid(8) and methyl caffeoylquinate(9); two nucleosids,uridine(10) and adenosine(11); one flavone,quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12); five other types of compounds,phthalimidineacetic acid(13),3-pyridinecarboxamide(14),3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(15),5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(16) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde(17) by the spectral data of ¹H, ¹³C-NMR and MS. Among them,compounds 1-2,7,9-10,16 and 17 were isolated from M.

[Anti-tumor target prediction and activity verification of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids].

It has reported that Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids had anti-tumor activity. However, the anti-tumor target is still unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-tumor activity of G.

Three new triterpenoids from Ganoderma theaecolum.

Three new triterpenoids (1-3), together with four known triterpenoids (4-7), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma theaecolum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. Compounds 4 and 6 exhibited antitumor activities against H460 cells with IC values of 22.

Aristolochic acid derivatives from the rhizome of Arisolochia championii.

Four new aristolochic acid derivatives aristchamic A (1), aristchamic B (2), aristochamic C (3a), aristchamic D (3b) and one new aristolactam aristolactam-CV (4), together with 10 known compounds (5-14), were isolated from the rhizomes of Aristolochia championii. Their structures were assigned by detailed analysis of MS and NMR spectroscopic data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823, NCI-H1650, and A2780 cell.

Apocynin derivatives from Iris tectorum.

Phytochemical investigation of the rhizomes of Iris tectorum resulted in the isolation and characterization of three new apocynin derivatives, apocynin-4-O-β-D-(6'-O-syringyl)glucopyranoside (1), scrophenoside C-7-ethyl ether (2, 3), together with a new naturally occurring compound but known by synthesis, apocynin-4-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (4), and five known ones (5-9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation.

Polycycloiridals with a Cyclopentane Ring from Iris tectorum.

Six new iridal-type triterpenoids containing an unprecedented cyclopentane ring, polycycloiridals E-J (1-6), were isolated from a large-scale re-extraction of Iris tectorum. A possible biosynthesis pathway is postulated. The known spirioiridotectal D (7) was also obtained in the current investigation, and its structure was unequivocally defined using X-ray diffraction data.

Four new compounds from the rhizome of Aristolochia championii.

Three new flavonoid glycosides (1-3) and one new aristololactam N-glycoside (4) were isolated from the rhizome of Aristolochia championii. The structures of compounds 1-4 were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR). Their structures were determined as 8-(5-formyl-2-furanmethyl)-isorhamentin 3-O-robinobioside (1), 8-(5-methyl-2-furanoyl)-isorhamentin 3-O-robinobioside (2), 8-formylisorhamentin 3-O-robinobioside (3), and N-β-D-glucopyranosylaristololactam V (4), respectively.

Aromatic glycosides from the whole plants of Iris japonica.

Phytochemical investigation on the whole plants of Iris japonica led to the isolation of four new aromatic glycosides. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy acetophenone 4-O-β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7R,8S)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (1), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy acetophenone 4-O-β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7S,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (2), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy acetophenone 4-O-β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7R,8R)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (3), (-)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy acetophenone 4-O-β-d-{6-O-[4-O-(7S,8S)-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycerol-8-yl)-3-methoxybenzoyl]}-glucopyranoside (4), respectively.

Nine new compounds from the whole plants of Rehmannia chingii.

Nine new compounds, together with 16 known analogs, were isolated from the whole plants of Rehmannia chingii. The structures of compounds 1-9 were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data and chemical evidence. In addition, the new compounds were tested for their hepatoprotective activities against APAP-induced HepG2 cell damage and their ability to inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide production in the murine microglia BV2 cell line.

Hepatoprotective diterpenoids from the roots of Salvia grandifolia.

One new diterpenoid, grandifolia G (1), together with a known diterpenoid (6,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-6,6-dimethyl-2-oxonaphtho[1,8-bc]furan-3-yl)-4-methylfuran-3-carboxylic acid (2), was isolated from 70% EtOH extract of root of Salvia grandifolia. Their structures were determined by UV, IR, HRESIMS, NMR spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 (10 μM) exhibited hepatoprotective activities (61 and 55%) against DL-galactosamine-induced cell damage in HL-7702 cells.