Toxicity effects of disinfection byproduct chloroacetic acid to Microcystis aeruginosa: Cytotoxicity and mechanisms.

Chlorine-based disinfectants are widely used for disinfection in wastewater treatment. The mechanism of the effects of chlorinated disinfection by-products on cyanobacteria was unclear. Herein, the physiological effects of chloroacetic acid (CAA) on Microcystis aeruginosa (M.

Mutation scanning of BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 in oral mucosal melanoma: a study of 57 cases.

Background: Recent advances in novel targeted therapies have created the need for molecular characterization of cancer to allow accurate personalized treatments. In this study, our aim was to investigate the incidence of activating mutations of oncogenes BRAF, NRAS, KIT, and GNAQ/GNA11 in oral mucosal melanoma.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 57 oral mucosal melanoma samples, including 27 frozen samples and 30 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples.

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Lip: A Report of 48 Cases.

Purpose: Lip melanoma (LM) is a rare malignant tumor and well-established treatment protocols for it are in short supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment modalities and explore the prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on 48 patients with primary LM treated in the authors' hospital from January 1992 to November 2013.

Rapamycin inhibits Toll-like receptor 4-induced pro-oncogenic function in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells and is associated with HNSCC cancer progression. Rapamycin has been proven to be efficient for the treatment of HNSCC in vivo, yet the mechanism is not understood and rapamycin demonstrates little effect in vitro. In the present study, the HNSCC cell lines CAL27 and SCC4 were pre-treated with rapamycin then stimulated with a TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Sequential therapy of advanced buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma: three-year outcome.

Purpose: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa is aggressive and requires multimodal treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of sequential therapy (neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery plus radiotherapy) in advanced buccal SCC and explore the prognostic factors.

Patients And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, patients with advanced buccal cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, docetaxel, and 5-fluorouracil) followed by surgery and radiotherapy in the authors' department were reviewed.