Fusing Diverse Decision Rules in 3D-Radiomics for Assisting Diagnosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

This study aimed to develop an interpretable diagnostic model for subtyping of pulmonary adenocarcinoma, including minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC), by integrating 3D-radiomic features and clinical data. Data from multiple hospitals were collected, and 10 key features were selected from 1600 3D radiomic signatures and 11 radiological features. Diverse decision rules were extracted using ensemble learning methods (gradient boosting, random forest, and AdaBoost), fused, ranked, and selected via RuleFit and SHAP to construct a rule-based diagnostic model.

Macroscopic assembly of 2D materials for energy storage and seawater desalination.

Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent physical and chemical properties in the fields of energy, environment, catalysis, and optoelectronics. However, there are still many key problems in the process of practical application. To further promote the potential of 2D materials for practical applications, macroscopic assembly of 2D materials is crucial for the continued development of 2D materials, especially in the fields of energy storage and seawater desalination.

Graphite-Embedded Lithium Iron Phosphate for High-Power-Energy Cathodes.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) is broadly used as a low-cost cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, but its low ionic and electronic conductivity limit the rate performance. We report herein the synthesis of LiFePO/graphite composites in which LiFePO nanoparticles were grown within a graphite matrix. The graphite matrix is porous, highly conductive, and mechanically robust, giving electrodes outstanding cycle performance and high rate capability.

Dual redox mediators accelerate the electrochemical kinetics of lithium-sulfur batteries.

The sluggish electrochemical kinetics of sulfur species has impeded the wide adoption of lithium-sulfur battery, which is one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage system. Here, we present the electronic and geometric structures of all possible sulfur species and construct an electronic energy diagram to unveil their reaction pathways in batteries, as well as the molecular origin of their sluggish kinetics. By decoupling the contradictory requirements of accelerating charging and discharging processes, we select two pseudocapacitive oxides as electron-ion source and drain to enable the efficient transport of electron/Li to and from sulfur intermediates respectively.

CVD-assisted fabrication of hierarchical microparticulate LiTiSiO-carbon nanospheres for ultrafast lithium storage.

Particular recent interest has been given to the LiTiSiO (LTSO) anode material owing to its low lithiation potential (0.28 V vs. Li/Li) and decent theoretical capacity (308 mA h g).

Tin-graphene tubes as anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric and gravimetric energy densities.

Limited by the size of microelectronics, as well as the space of electrical vehicles, there are tremendous demands for lithium-ion batteries with high volumetric energy densities. Current lithium-ion batteries, however, adopt graphite-based anodes with low tap density and gravimetric capacity, resulting in poor volumetric performance metric. Here, by encapsulating nanoparticles of metallic tin in mechanically robust graphene tubes, we show tin anodes with high volumetric and gravimetric capacities, high rate performance, and long cycling life.

Three-Dimensional Double-Walled Ultrathin Graphite Tube Conductive Scaffold with Encapsulated Germanium Nanoparticles as a High-Areal-Capacity and Cycle-Stable Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The demand for lithium-ion batteries with both high power and high-energy density has attracted widespread attention as energy-storage devices for the increasing demand of consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and grid-scale storage. However, the fabrication of an advanced electrode architecture with high areal capacity, excellent cycling stability, and superior rate performance remains a long-term challenge in the development of advanced electrochemical energy-storage devices. Herein, we design an effective and general strategy to spontaneously encapsulate Ge nanoparticles into a three-dimensional double hydrophilic N-doped ultrathin graphite/void/hydrophobic ultrathin graphite tube network (Ge@3D-DHGT) with control over the position for large specific capacity (1338 mA h g), high rate performance (752 mA h g at 40 C), and superior cycling stability (up to 1000 cycles).

High-quality mesoporous graphene particles as high-energy and fast-charging anodes for lithium-ion batteries.

The application of graphene for electrochemical energy storage has received tremendous attention; however, challenges remain in synthesis and other aspects. Here we report the synthesis of high-quality, nitrogen-doped, mesoporous graphene particles through chemical vapor deposition with magnesium-oxide particles as the catalyst and template. Such particles possess excellent structural and electrochemical stability, electronic and ionic conductivity, enabling their use as high-performance anodes with high reversible capacity, outstanding rate performance (e.

Yolk-Shell Germanium@Polypyrrole Architecture with Precision Expansion Void Control for Lithium Ion Batteries.

The key properties of yolk-shell architecture in improving electrochemical performance lies in its uniformity and the appropriate void space, which can expand/contract freely upon lithium alloying and leaching without damaging the outer shell, while being achievable with minimal sacrifice of volumetric energy density. Therefore, we developed a highly controllable strategy to fabricate a uniform porous germanium@polypyrrole (PGe@PPy) yolk-shell architecture with conformal AlO sacrificial layer by atomic layer deposition (ALD) process. The PGe@PPy yolk-shell anode fabricated with 300 ALD cycles delivers excellent electrochemical performance: high reversible capacity (1,220 mA hr g), long cycle performance (>95% capacity retention after 1,000 cycles), and excellent rate capability (>750 mA hr g at 32 A g).

A Prussian blue anode for high performance electrochemical deionization promoted by the faradaic mechanism.

Desalination is a sustainable process that removes sodium and chloride ions from seawater. Herein, we demonstrate a faradaic mechanism to promote the capacity of capacitive deionization in highly concentrated salt water via an electrochemical deionization device. In this system, ion removal is achieved by the faradaic mechanism via a constant current operation mode, which is improved based on the constant voltage operation mode used in the conventional CDI operation.

3D nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated germanium/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nanoarchitecture for high-performance flexible Li-ion battery.

Flexible electrochemical energy storage devices have attracted extensive attention as promising power sources for the ever-growing field of flexible and wearable electronic products. However, the rational design of a novel electrode structure with a good flexibility, high capacity, fast charge-discharge rate and long cycling lifetimes remains a long-standing challenge for developing next-generation flexible energy-storage materials. Herein, we develop a facile and general approach to three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous nitrogen-doped graphene foam with encapsulated Ge quantum dot/nitrogen-doped graphene yolk-shell nano architecture for high specific reversible capacity (1,220 mAh g), long cycling capability (over 96% reversible capacity retention from the second to 1,000 cycles) and ultra-high rate performance (over 800 mAh g at 40 C).

Three-dimensional hierarchical NiCo2O4 nanowire@Ni3S2 nanosheet core/shell arrays for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors.

Three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 core/shell arrays on Ni foam were synthesized by a facile, stepwise synthesis approach. The 3D heterogeneous NiCo2O4 nanostructure forms an interconnected web-like scaffold and serves as the core for the Ni3S2 shell. The as-prepared NiCo2O4@Ni3S2 nanowire array (NWA) electrodes exhibited excellent electrochemical performance, such as high specific areal capacitance and excellent cycling stability.

Ultradispersed Nanoarchitecture of LiV3O8 Nanoparticle/Reduced Graphene Oxide with High-Capacity and Long-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes.

Lack of high-performance cathode materials has become the major barriers to lithium-ion battery applications in advanced communication equipment and electric vehicles. In this paper, we report a versatile interfacial reaction strategy, which is based on the idea of space confinement, for the synthesis of ultradispersed LiV3O8 nanoparticles (~10 nm) on graphene (denoted as LVO NPs-GNs) with an unprecedented degree of control on the separation and manipulation of the nucleation, growth, anchoring, and crystallization of nanoparticles in a water-in-oil emulsion system over free growth in solution. The prepared LVO NPs-GNs composites displayed high performance as an cathode material for lithium-ion battery, including high reversible lithium storage capacity (237 mA h g(-1) after 200 cycles), high Coulombic efficiency (about 98%), excellent cycling stability and high rate capability (as high as 176 mA h g(-1) at 0.

A new mild, clean and highly efficient method for the preparation of graphene quantum dots without by-products.

We demonstrated that graphene oxide (GO) can be oxidized and cut into graphene quantum dots (GQDs) by hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), which is obtained by the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (HO) with a tungsten oxide nanowire (WO) catalyst. The clean oxidizing agent (HO) and the solid catalyst lead to a simple GQD preparing method without any by-products. The obtained GQD aqueous solution can be directly applied to fluorescence imaging in vitro without any further purification.

Pushing the Limits: 3D Layer-by-Layer-Assembled Composites for Cathodes with 160 C Discharge Rates.

Deficiencies of cathode materials severely limit cycling performance and discharge rates of Li batteries. The key problem is that cathode materials must combine multiple properties: high lithium ion intercalation capacity, electrical/ionic conductivity, porosity, and mechanical toughness. Some materials revealed promising characteristics in a subset of these properties, but attaining the entire set of often contrarian characteristics requires new methods of materials engineering.

Facile synthesis of anatase TiO(2) quantum-dot/graphene-nanosheet composites with enhanced electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries.

A facile method to synthesize well-dispersed TiO2 quantum dots on graphene nanosheets (TiO2 -QDs/GNs) in a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion system is reported. The TiO2 /graphene composites display high performance as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), such as having high reversible lithium storage capacity, high Coulombic efficiency, excellent cycling stability, and high rate capability. The excellent electrochemical performance and special structure of the composites thus offer a way to prepare novel graphene-based electrode materials for high-energy-density and high-power LIBs.

In situ synthesis of LiV3O8 nanorods on graphene as high rate-performance cathode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries.

We developed a facile two-step hydrothermal procedure to prepare hybrid materials of LiV3O8 nanorods on graphene sheets. The special structure endows them with the high-rate transportation of electrolyte ions and electrons throughout the electrode matrix, resulting in remarkable electrochemical performance when they were used as cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries.