Icariin inhibition of NLRP3 mediated Leydig cell pyroptosis and insulin resistance ameliorates spermatogenesis disorders in obese mice.

Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation due to energy metabolism imbalance, has emerged as a significant risk factor for male infertility. Icariin (ICA), a principal constituent of Epimedium, has demonstrated potential in improving obesity and enhancing testicular spermatogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of ICA in mitigating obesity-induced male infertility through the suppression of inflammation and insulin resistance.