Bio-friendly multi-stimuli responsive α-CD polymer-gated mesoporous carbon nanoherbicides for enhanced paraquat delivery.

Introduction: Weeds seriously affect crop yield in global agricultural production. Paraquat (PQ), as one of low cost and highly effective herbicide, is forbidden or severely restricted in production and sales owing to its lethal toxicity to humans. Creating an efficient and bio-friendly PQ formulation is crucial to facilitate the open use of PQ in world's agriculture.

Thiourea and arginine synergistically preserve redox homeostasis and ionic balance for alleviating salinity stress in wheat.

Plant growth regulators are cost-effective and efficient methods for enhancing plant defenses under stress conditions. This study investigates the ability of two plant growth-regulating substances, thiourea (TU) and arginine (Arg), to mitigate salinity stress in wheat. The results show that both TU and Arg, particularly when used together, modify plant growth under salinity stress.

Baseline tebuconazole sensitivity and potential resistant risk in Fusarium Graminearum.

Background: The Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum results in reduced crop yields and the potential for vomitoxin contamination, which poses a risk to both human and livestock health. The primary method of control relies on the application of chemical fungicides.

Results: The current study found that the tebuconazole sensitivity of 165 F.

The low-lethal concentrations of rotenone and pyrethrins suppress the population growth of Rhopalosiphum padi.

As an important pest on winter wheat, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) causes damage to the wheat yield by sucking plant nutrients, transmitting plant viruses and producing mildew. R.

microRNA-3037 targeting CYP6CY2 confers imidacloprid resistance to Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi).

The wheat aphid Sitobion miscanthi is a dominant and destructive pest in agricultural production. Insecticides are the main substances used for effective control of wheat aphids. However, their extensive application has caused severe resistance of wheat aphids to some insecticides; therefore, exploring resistance mechanisms is essential for wheat aphid management.

SlCarE054 in (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) showed direct metabolic activity to -cypermethrin with stereoselectivity.

Carboxylesterases (CarEs) is an important detoxification enzyme system in phase Ⅰ participating in insecticides resistance. In our previous study, a CarEs gene from lepidoptera class, was screened out to be upregulated in a pyrethroids and organophosphates resistant population. Its overexpression was verified in two field-collected populations of (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates by qRT-PCR.

Survey of prothioconazole sensitivity in Fusarium pseudograminearum isolates from Henan Province, China, and characterization of resistant laboratory mutants.

Background: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is one of the most significant diseases limiting crop production in the Huanghuai wheat-growing region of China. Prothioconazole, a triazole sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide developed by the Bayer Crop Protection Company, is mainly registered for the prevention and control of wheat powdery mildew and stripe rust (China Pesticide Information Network). It is known to exhibit high activity against F.

Physiological mechanism of sodium salicylate and folcisteine on alleviating salt stress in wheat seedlings.

Soil salinization substantially hampers the growth and development of wheat, potentially leading to plant death in severe cases, thus reducing grain yield and quality. This phenomenon poses a significant threat to food security in China. We investigated the effects of two exogenous plant growth regulators, sodium salicylate and folcisteine, on the wheat physiology and key characteristics under salt stress using hydroponics method.

Integrative physiological, critical plant endogenous hormones, and transcriptomic analyses reveal the difenoconazole stress response mechanism in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Difenoconazole (DFN) is widely utilized as a fungicide in wheat production. However, its accumulation in plant tissues has a profound impact on the physiological functions of wheat plants, thus severely threatening wheat growth and even jeopardizing human health. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the dynamic dissipation patterns of DFN, along with an investigation into the physiological, hormonal, and transcriptomic responses of wheat seedlings exposed to DFN.

Exploring the Potential Mechanism of Prothioconazole Resistance in in China.

The Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by is one of the most important diseases threatening wheat production in China. However, the triazole sterol 14α-demethylation inhibitor (DMI), prothioconazole, is known to exhibit high activity against . The current study indicated that three highly resistant laboratory mutants exhibited significantly ( < 0.

Inter-Species Investigation of Biological Traits among Eight Species.

Due to the diversity of species and the limited understanding of their damage processes in rice fields, clarifying the biological properties of distinct species could help create a foundation for effective control techniques. Pot experiments and field competition trials were conducted using eight species to elucidate their biological differences and assess their varying levels of negative impact on rice. The survey outcomes showed that had the highest 1000-grain weight (3.

Physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) synergistically improve the yield by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and resilience in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

As progressively increasing food safety concerns, diversified plant diseases and abiotic stresses, environmental-friendly bio-pesticides and bio-stimulants combinations may are likely to serve as a vital means of safeguarding green and sustainable food production. Accordingly, in this study, pot and field trials were performed to examine the application potential of the combination of physcion and chitosan-Oligosaccharide (COS) in wheat production. Wheat seeds were coated with physcion and COS and the effects exerted by them on morphology, physiology and yield of the wheat were investigated.

Smart, degradable, and eco-friendly carboxymethyl cellulose-Ca hydrogel-like networks gated MIL-101(Fe) nanoherbicides for paraquat delivery.

Nanopesticides have been selected as one of the top 10 chemical innovations for enhancing the efficacy and safety of agrochemicals. Herein, smart, degradable, and eco-friendly metal-organic framework MIL-101(Fe) nanoherbicides coated with carboxymethyl cellulose-Ca (CMC-Ca) cross-linking hydrogel-like networks are synthesized via a simple strategy. The coating of the CMC-Ca hydrogel-like gatekeepers is oriented by the coordination unsaturated Fe clusters on the surfaces of the MIL-101(Fe) nanocarriers to form a dense film network to prevent paraquat (PQ) leakage.

Room-temperature ultrasonic-assisted self-assembled synthesis of silkworm cocoon-like COFs@GCNTs composite for sensitive detection of diuron in food samples.

Diuron (DU) exhibits good weed control effect but possesses strong hazard to human health, thereby designing a fast and sensitive method to detect DU is highly urgent. Herein, we report the ultrasonic-assisted self-assembly synthesis of porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) spheres@graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GCNTs) composite based on π-π conjugation effect at room temperature, which was employed for DU determination. For the COFs@GCNTs composite, COFs with ultrahigh specific surface area shows strong adsorption ability towards DU, whereas GCNTs with favorable conductivity help to form the 3D interconnected conductive network around COFs spheres, thereby effectively compensating for the poor conductivity of COFs.

Transcriptomic and physiological properties reveal the tolerance mechanism to difenoconazole toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Difenoconazole (DFZ) is a broad-spectrum fungicide widely applied in wheat production. However, excessive accumulation is linked to phytotoxicity. The effects of DFZ on plants and the response mechanisms to DFZ toxicity are poorly understood.

Baseline Pydiflumetofen Sensitivity of Isolates Collected from Henan, China, and Potential Resistance Mechanisms.

Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by , is one of the most important diseases impacting wheat production in the Huanghuai region, the most important wheat-growing region of China. The current study found that the SDHI fungicide pydiflumetofen, which was recently developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, provided effective control of 67 wild-type isolates in potato dextrose agar, with an average EC value of 0.060 ± 0.

CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout Reveals the Involvement of CYP304F1 in β-Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos Resistance in .

Functions of insect CYP2 clan P450s in insecticide resistance are relatively less reported. In , a gene from the CYP2 clan () was validated to be up-regulated significantly in a pyrethroid- and organophosphate-resistant population (QJ) than a susceptible population by RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. Spatial-temporal expression indicated the high expression of in the fourth, fifth, and sixth instar larvae and the metabolism-related tissue fat body and malpighian tubules.

Highly sensitive detection of carbendazim in juices based on mung bean-derived porous carbon@chitosan composite modified electrochemical sensor.

We reported a simple and scalable strategy for the preparation of mung bean-derived porous carbon@chitosan (MBC@CTS) composite, which was used to optimize the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The MBC@CTS/GCE sensor was applied for the carbendazim (CBZ) detection. For the MBC@CTS composite, MBC with three-dimensional hierarchical structure presented large specific surface area, good adsorbability, and high electrical conductivity, while CTS had good film-forming property, hydrophilicity performance, and adhesion capacity.

Rapid determination of methyl parathion in vegetables using electrochemical sensor fabricated from biomass-derived and β-cyclodextrin functionalized porous carbon spheres.

Porous carbon spheres (PCS) derived from expired sugarcane juice (SJ) and modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were used for the fabrication of SJPCS@β-CD/GCE sensor with glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to detect methyl parathion (MP). SJPCS with interconnected porous structure exhibits excellent electrical conductivity, strong adsorption property, and high specific surface area, while β-CD with molecular recognition property achieves the uniform dispersion of SJPCS and promotes the recognition and adsorption of MP molecules. Thanks to the synergistic combination of SJPCS and β-CD, the SJPCS@β-CD/GCE sensor exhibited respectable MP determination performance with low limit of detection of 5.

A novel electrochemical sensor based on β-cyclodextrin functionalized carbon nanosheets@carbon nanotubes for sensitive detection of bactericide carbendazim in apple juice.

Carbendazim (CBZ) abuse always causes the over-standard of pesticide residues in agricultural products, which has adverse effects on human health. Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor was firstly fabricated based on the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized carbon nanosheets@carbon nanotubes (CNS@CNT) for the CBZ determination. CNS@CNT combined large surface area of CNS and excellent electrical conductivity of CNT, which significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic performance.

Toxicity of Ribavirin to by Inhibiting the Juvenile Hormone.

Ribavirin is an antiviral drug showing high and delayed toxicity to the destructive agricultural pest . Larvae fed with artificial diets containing ribavirin could not molt successfully and showed abnormal phenotypes, including cuticle melanization and heavy wrinkle of the newly formed procuticle. RNA-Seq analysis suggested that ribavirin has great negative influence on cuticle.

-mediated resistance to two neonicotinoid insecticides in (Takahashi).

The wheat aphid (CWA) is an important harmful pest in wheat fields. Insecticide application is the main method to effectively control wheat aphids. However, CWA has developed resistance to some insecticides due to its extensive application, and understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for the management of CWA.

Chitosan oligosaccharide alleviates the growth inhibition caused by physcion and synergistically enhances resilience in maize seedlings.

The use of biopesticides has gradually become essential to ensure food security and sustainable agricultural production. Nevertheless, the use of single biopesticides is frequently suboptimal in agricultural production given the diversity of biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study investigated the effects of two biopesticides, physcion and chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS), alone and in combination, on growth regulation and antioxidant potential of maize seedlings by seed coating.