Photo-electro-Fenton-like process for rapid ciprofloxacin removal: The indispensable role of polyvalent manganese in Fe-free system.

The residual ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water seriously menaces the ecological safety and public health. Here, a Fe-free photo-electro-Fenton-like (PEF) system was designed for efficient degradation of CIP in water. A Z-scheme MnO/g-CN (MCN) nanocomposite with low-cost, large specific surface area and abundant active sites was successfully synthesized as a photoelectric catalyst.