CD32 Expression by CD4 T and CD8 T Lymphocytes Is Increased in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.

FcR is expressed by many immune cells and plays an important role in the immune response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. CD32 belongs to the FcR family. This study aimed to observe changes in CD32 expression by CD4 T and CD8 T lymphocytes in chronic HBV infection patients and evaluate the clinical utility of CD4 T and CD8 T CD32 expression to assess the severity of liver injury in chronic HBV-infected patients.

Enhancing Biosludge Dewaterability with Hemoglobin from Waste Blood as a Bioflocculant.

Synthetic polymers are widely used in the treatment of biosludge (waste activated sludge) to enhance its dewaterability. This paper discusses the results of a systematic study using hemoglobin (Hb) from animal blood and methylated hemoglobin (MeHb), a derivative in which a methyl group replaces the hydrogen carboxyl groups, to replace synthetic polymers to improve the dewatering efficiency of biosludge. With regular hemoglobin, no improvement in biosludge dewatering was found.