Impact of Educational Background on the Quality of Standardized Residency Training Program: The Case of China, a Cohort Study.

Objectives: Residency training is important worldwide and recent studies have put more emphasis on its quality evaluation. This study aims to first explore the impact of educational backgrounds on the quality of gynecology and obstetrics (OB-GYN) standardized resident training (SRT) program in China, which may provide crucial evidence for policy considerations to improve SRT quality.

Methods: A total of 397 OB-GYN resident graduates were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study.

Single-cell landscape analysis reveals systematic senescence in mammalian Down syndrome.

Background: Down syndrome (DS), which is characterized by various malfunctions, is the most common chromosomal disorder. As the DS population continues to grow and most of those with DS live beyond puberty, early-onset health problems have become apparent. However, the cellular landscape and molecular alterations have not been thoroughly studied.

Exosome-Based Regimen Rescues Endometrial Fibrosis in Intrauterine Adhesions Via Targeting Clinical Fibrosis Biomarkers.

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), which is characterized by endometrial fibrosis, continue to be the most common cause of uterine infertility globally. Our work revealed that 3 fibrotic progression markers (Vimentin, COL5A2, and COL1A1) were significantly increased in the endometrium of IUA patients. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (EXOs) have been recently revealed as a cell-free therapy for fibrosis diseases.

A Prediction Model of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on OGTT in Early Pregnancy: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Context: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common obstetric complication. Although early intervention could prevent the development of GDM, there was no consensus on early identification for women at high risk of GDM.

Objective: To develop a reliable prediction model of GDM in early pregnancy.

Follicular fluid progesterone downregulated HPGD and COX2 in granulosa cells via suppressing NF-ĸB in endometriosis†.

Increasing evidences showed that ovulatory dysfunction, possibly caused by luteinized unruptured follicular follicle syndrome (LUFS), is one of the reasons for endometriosis-related infertility. The present study was conducted to explore the potential effect of elevated progesterone in follicular fluid (FF) on ovulation in endometriosis. A prospective study including 50 ovarian endometriosis patients and 50 control patients with matched pairs design was conducted with alterations in FF and peritoneal fluid (PF) components identified by metabolomics analyses and differentially expressed genes in granulosa cells (GCs) identified by transcriptome analysis.

Antibiotic Resistance and Mechanisms of Pathogenic Bacteria in Tubo-Ovarian Abscess.

A tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) is a common type of inflammatory lump in clinical practice. TOA is an important, life-threatening disease, and it has become more common in recent years, posing a major health risk to women. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents are necessary to cover the most likely pathogens because the pathogens that cause TOA are polymicrobial.

Effect of lncRNA MALAT1 on the Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Pregnancy Outcome in Patients With PCOS.

Follicle arrest is one of the main characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinological disorder in reproductive-aged women. Increasing evidence proves that high anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels may play an important role in follicular development. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) with a length of more than 200 nt is widely involved in the directional differentiation, growth, and development of cells, whereas whether lncRNA is involved in AMH's role in follicular development is unknown.

Risk factors for twin pregnancy in women undergoing double cleavage embryo transfer.

Background: Two or more embryo transfers have been used to increase the success rate of live birth in traditional in vitro fertilization (IVF) strategy at the expense of increased risks of multiple pregnancy and adverse perinatal outcomes. The decision regarding the elective single embryo transfer or double embryo transfer remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for twin pregnancy in IVF.

Progestin-Primed Ovarian Stimulation Versus Mild Stimulation Protocol in Advanced Age Women With Diminished Ovarian Reserve Undergoing Their First Fertilization Cycle: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: To assess and compare the feasibility of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocol with mild stimulation protocol for advanced age women with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) undergoing their first fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycle.

Methods: Patients aged ≥35 years and DOR undergoing their first IVF/ICSI cycle were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study: 139 and 600 patients underwent the PPOS and mild stimulation protocols, respectively. The primary outcomes were cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (CCPR) and cumulative live birth rate (CLBR).

Curative effect of kangfuyan capsule combined with antibiotic treatment on pelvic inflammatory disease.

This study aims to investigate the curative effect of Kangfuyan capsule in the treatment of damp-heat and blood stasis type of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and its influence on serum inflammatory factors IL-6, CRP and TNF-α. A total of 83 patients with PID were randomly divided into two groups: Western medicine group (control group, n=41) received oral antibiotics (azithromycin + metronidazole) alone and the traditional Chinese medicine combined with Western medicine group (experimental group, n=42) received Kangfuyan capsule based on Western medicine therapy. Clinical efficacy between these two groups and the influence of drugs in serum inflammatory factors (IL-6, CRP and TNF-α) were compared.

The Value of Anti-Müllerian Hormone in the Prediction of Spontaneous Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To determine whether serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level is a predictor of clinical pregnancy in women trying to achieve a natural conception.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published until August 2020. Studies that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis; no language limitations were imposed.

A Founder Pathogenic Variant of Unique to Chinese Population Causes Osteogenesis Imperfecta IX.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility. pathogenic variants cause a perinatal lethal form of OI type IX. A limited number of pathogenic variants have been reported so far worldwide.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice Patterns Relating to Female Sexual Health Among Obstetricians and Gynecologists in China.

This survey study examines knowledge, attitudes, and practice patterns relating to female sexual health among obstetricians and gynecologists in China.

Emerging roles for noncoding RNAs in female sex steroids and reproductive disease.

The "central dogma" of molecular biology, that is, that DNA blueprints encode messenger RNAs which are destined for translation into protein, has been challenged in recent decades. In actuality, a significant portion of the genome encodes transcripts that are transcribed into functional RNA. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are not transcribed into protein, play critical roles in a wide variety of biological processes.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of GnRH-agonist long-protocol and GnRH-antagonist protocol for in vitro fertilization.

The gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long-protocols and the GnRH-antagonist protocols are two commonly used protocols for in vitro fertilization (IVF), but their cost-effectiveness has not been studied, especially in China. A retrospective study involving 1638 individuals in GnRH-a long-protocol and 621 in GnRH-antagonist protocol were conducted and a decision tree model analysis was used to analyze the cost-effectiveness. Both direct and indirect costs were calculated.

[Economic studies of fertilization and embryo transfer].

fertilization and embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) technology is one of the main treatments for infertility. But IVF-ET is expensive and has not be covered by health insurance in most developing countries. Therefore, how to obtain the maximum success rate with the minimum cost is a common concern of clinicians and patients.

The effects and mechanisms of GM-CSF on endometrial regeneration.

Background: Endometrial injury can result in thin endometrium and subfertility. Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) contributes to tissue repair, but its role in endometrial regeneration has not been investigated.

Methods: To determine the effect of GM-CSF on endometrial regeneration, we established a mouse model of thin endometrium by uterine perfusion with 20 μL 90% ethanol.

Phoenixin-14 concentrations are increased in association with luteinizing hormone and nesfatin-1 concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly characterized by obesity, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenemia and hirsutism. Following the reported relationship between phoenixin-14 and gonadotropin production in rat hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, the present study was designed to investigate the circulating concentrations of phoenixin-14 and their associations with the concentrations of sex hormones including luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E), progesterone (P) and total testosterone (TT) in PCOS patients.

Methods: A total of 41 women with diagnosed PCOS using Rotterdam criteria and 37 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study.

XCI-escaping gene KDM5C contributes to ovarian development via downregulating miR-320a.

Mechanisms underlying female gonadal dysgenesis remain unclarified and relatively unstudied. Whether X-chromosome inactivation (XCI)-escaping genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to this condition is currently unknown. We compared 45,X Turner Syndrome women with 46,XX normal women, and investigated differentially expressed miRNAs in Turner Syndrome through plasma miRNA sequencing.

The Effect of Tumour Necrosis Factor-α on Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell Differentiation and the Related Signaling Pathways.

Periodontal regeneration plays an integral role in the treatment of periodontal diseases, with important clinical significance for the preservation and functional recovery of affected teeth. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which were found in the periodontal ligament tissues possessing properties of pluripotency and self-renewing, could repair damaged periodontium with great promise. However, in a chronic inflammatory micro-environment, these cells suffered from reduced capacity to differentiate and regenerate.

Hyaluronic acid reagent functional chitosan-PEI conjugate with AQP2-siRNA suppressed endometriotic lesion formation.

To identify a new drug candidate for treating endometriosis which has fewer side effects, a new polymeric nanoparticle gene delivery system consisting of polyethylenimine-grafted chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-PEI) with hyaluronic acid (HA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) was designed. There was no obvious difference in sizes observed between (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA and CSO-PEI/siRNA, but the fluorescence accumulation in the endometriotic lesion was more significant for (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA compared with CSO-PEI/siRNA due to the specific binding of HA to CD44. In addition, the (CSO-PEI/siRNA)HA nanoparticle gene therapy significantly decreased the endometriotic lesion sizes with atrophy and degeneration of the ectopic endometrium.

Binding of FGF2 to FGFR2 in an autocrine mode in trophectoderm cells is indispensable for mouse blastocyst formation through PKC-p38 pathway.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF1, FGF2 and FGF4) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4) have been reported to be expressed in preimplantation embryos and be required for their development. However, the functions of these molecules in trophectoderm cells (TEs) that lead to the formation of the blastocyst as well as the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. The present study has demonstrated for the first time that endogenous FGF2 secreted by TEs can regulate protein expression and distribution in TEs via the FGFR2-mediated activation of PKC and p38, which are important for the development of expanded blastocysts.

The effect of Astragalus extractive on alveolar bone rebuilding progress of tooth extracted socket of ovariectomied rats.

Background: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is an estrogen deficiency condition that causes severe loss of bone mass in the vertebrae and long bones. We explored the effect and the possible underlying mechanism of the extracts of Astragalus (AE) on the tooth alveolar bone rebuilding progress of postmenopausal osteoporosis of PMO animal models.

Material And Methods: The PMO models were acquired by ovariectomy.

Decreased expression of aquaporin 2 is associated with impaired endometrial receptivity in controlled ovarian stimulation.

Recently, there has been evidence of decreased implantation rates with in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer due to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of COS on embryo implantation and the role of aquaporin 2 (AQP2). We recruited eight patients who underwent COS and 40 matched controls.

Auricular acupressure reduces anxiety levels and improves outcomes of in vitro fertilization: a prospective, randomized and controlled study.

The study was to explore whether auricular acupressure (AA) can relieve anxiety during the period from trans-vaginal oocyte retrieval to the embryo transfer in IVF treatment and whether AA can improve the outcomes of IVF. 305 infertile patients with tubal blockage who were referred for IVF were included. The women were randomized into a control group with 102 cases, a Sham-AA group with 102 cases and an AA group with 101 cases.