[Determination of sodium cyclamate in Baijiu by pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection].

Sodium cyclamate in Baijiu is a key item in the China National Food Safety Supervision and Inspection Plan. A simple, economical, sensitive, and reliable method is urgently needed for routine analysis and internal quality control. A method based on high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was developed for the determination of sodium cyclamate in Baijiu by -phthalaldehyde derivatization.

Detection of Specific Volatile Organic Compounds in (Herbst) by Solid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

The red flour beetle, (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a major storage pest that could lead to a wide range of damage. Its secretions have a significant impact on the quality of stored grain and food, leading to serious food safety problems such as grain spoilage and food carcinogenesis. This study investigates new detection techniques for grain storage pests to improve grain insect detection in China.

[Determination of 10 organic acids in alcoholic products by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

A method was developed for the determination of 10 organic acids in liquor, yellow rice wine, and dry red wine by ion chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS). First, the liquor samples were diluted with deionized water, degassed with nitrogen, and analyzed by IC-MS/MS. Then, the yellow rice wine and dry red wine samples were purified with different solid-phase extraction cartridges.

Exposure to short-, medium-, and long-chain chlorinated paraffins for infant via cow infant formula, goat infant formula and baby food.

Dietary exposure is an important pathway for many pollutants from external exposure to human beings. In this study, we investigated the exposure to short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) and long-chain chlorinated paraffins (LCCPs), which are a class of industrial compounds that are of significant concern, in different infant foods (cow infant formula, goat infant formula and baby food are collectively called infant food in this study) in Chinese market. The concentrations of ∑SCCPs, ∑MCCPs and ∑LCCPs in infant foods were in the ranges of 6.

Occurrence and distribution of polyhalogenated carbazoles in eastern Tibetan Plateau soils along the slope of Mt. Qionglai.

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs), are considered as potential persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which have been frequently detected in the environment. However, the altitudinal distribution characteristics and possible sources of PHCZs in high mountain soils are still unknown. The present study was the first to analyze PHCZs in soil samples collected along the eastern slope of Mt.

Occurrence and potential sources of polyhalogenated carbazoles in farmland soils from the Three Northeast Provinces, China.

Polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) have been detected in various environments frequently and have attracted increasing attention for their multiple toxicities. However, only a few reports record the occurrence of PHCZs in farmland soils, and the sources of which were not yet been implemented. In this study, 12 PHCZs and carbazole (CZ) were screened in farmland soil samples from the Three Northeast Provinces, and the ∑PHCZs were in the range of 18.

Analysis of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Various Vegetable Oils Collected in Chinese Markets.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), chemicals frequently used in agriculture, are a group of highly toxic and persistent organic pollutants. This study assesses the distribution and congener profiles of residual OCPs in 11 types of vegetable oils collected from Chinese markets. All samples were extracted using the modified QuEChERS method prior to analysis by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Effects of ozone treatment on the antioxidant capacity of postharvest strawberry.

Strawberries are highly popular around the world because of their juicy flesh and unique taste. However, they are delicate and extremely susceptible to peroxidation of their membrane lipids during storage, which induces water loss and rotting of the fruit. This study investigated the effects of ozone treatment on the physiological traits, active oxygen metabolism, and the antioxidant properties of postharvest strawberry.

Distributions and Congener Group Profiles of Short-Chain and Medium-Chain Chlorinated Paraffins in Cooking Oils in Chinese Markets.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are organic pollutants that have caused widespread concerns in recent years. Because of their lipophilic characteristics, CPs may enter into the body through diet or other routes and exert adverse effects on human health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and congener profiles of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (MCCPs) in 176 cooking oils and 19 oil containers collected from various markets in China.

Survey of mineral oil hydrocarbons in infant formula from the Chinese market.

Mineral oil hydrocarbon (MOH) contamination of various foods in the past few decades has raised much concern due to its potential adverse health effects. Since infant formulas (IF) is the major food source for infants, it is necessary to understand MOH contamination level in IF and consequent potential food safety risks. Data on the contamination of IF by mineral oil are lacking in China.

Sorption behaviors of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate and hexabromocyclododecanes on polypropylene microplastics.

In recent years, microplastics in oceans have become a serious environmental problem and the focus of attention. In the present study, the sorption of TBC and HBCDs by microplastics in simulated seawater is examined. The effects of particle size, temperature, salinity, and concentration on the adsorption of TBC and HBCDs by microplastics are studied.

High level of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in sediments from the intertidal zone of New River Estuary-a polluted and degraded wetland.

The levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in sediments in the intertidal zone of the New River Estuary were investigated. The concentration of TBC ranged from 2.78 to 35.

Profiling wines in China for the biogenic amines: A nationwide survey and pharmacokinetic fate modelling.

Biogenic amines (BAs), a class of nitrogenous compounds that are frequently detected in wine, pose adverse effects to humans. However, with the largest red wine consumption in the world, little is known about national profiles correlating BAs in wines to toxicological/health risks in China. In this study, we conducted a nationwide survey of commercially available wines for the occurrence of BAs.

Levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate and hexabromocyclododecanes in surface sediments from the Yellow River Delta wetland of China.

The levels and distribution of tris-(2,3-dibromopropyl) isocyanurate (TBC) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) of surface sediments in the Yellow River Delta wetland had been investigated. The concentrations of TBC and ∑HBCDs ranged from 0.20 to 29.

[Direct determination of ethyl carbamate in Chinese rice wine and grape wine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry].

An ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was established for the direct determination of ethyl carbamate in Chinese rice wine and grape wine. The Chinese rice wine and grape wine samples were diluted with distilled water, filtered through 0. 22 microm microporous membrane.

Influence of humic acid on bioavailability and toxicity of benzo[k]fluoranthene to Japanese medaka.

Japanese medakas (Oryzias latipes) and triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (TECAMs) were exposed simultaneously to benzo[k]fluoranthene (BkF) in the static exposure system containing different concentrations of humic acid (HA). The concentration-response relationships of induced hepatic 7-ethoxysorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activity were established in regard to the nominal water concentration of BkF and the free concentration estimated using TECAM, as well as the body residues, respectively. In general, bioaccumulation of BkF and EROD activity in medaka were reduced with an increase of HA concentration in the exposure medium.

Predicting bioavailability and accumulation of organochlorine pesticides by Japanese medaka in the presence of humic acid and natural organic matter using passive sampling membranes.

Adsorption to dissolved organic matter (DOM) may significantly decrease the freely dissolved concentration of many hydrophobic organic compounds and, hence, result in reduced bioavailability to aquatic organisms. Here, the suitability of using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) as a biomimetic surrogate to assess the bioavailability of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water in the presence of DOM was explored. The accumulation of OCPs was measured in TECAM and pelagic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) in the laboratory after 12 h exposure to water containing different levels of Aldrich humic acid.

Biomimetic accumulation of PAHs from soils by triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membranes (TECAMs) to estimate their bioavailability.

A new passive sampling device (PSD), a triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM), was used to biomimetically accumulate naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene from ten spiked soils and a soil spiked with different concentrations of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). TECAM exposure conditions were optimized. The quantities of PAHs accumulated by TECAMs were positively and linearly related to their concentrations in the soil.

Using semipermeable membrane devices, bioassays, and chemical analysis for evaluation of bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water.

Meiliang Bay is a sublake of Taihu Lake and has been polluted by domestic and industrial effluents. As part of a comprehensive risk assessment project in this region, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were applied to evaluate the levels and potential toxic potency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in lakewater, in combination with chemical analysis and in vitro bioassay using H4IIE rat hepatoma cells. In addition, induction of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in crucian carp (Carassius auratus), caged in the vicinity of SPMD sampling sites was also used as a biomarker of exposure to PAHs and related chemicals.

Comparison of the uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organochlorine pesticides by semipermeable membrane devices and caged fish (Carassius carassius) in Taihu Lake, China.

Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and by crucian carp (Carassius carassius) was studied in Taihu Lake, a shallow, freshwater lake in China. Crucian carp and SPMDs were deployed side by side for 32 d. The first-order uptake rate constants of individual PAHs and OCPs for the two matrices were calculated and compared to relate the amounts of chemicals accumulated by the matrices to dissolved water concentrations.

[Comparison of the methods for assessing Ah effects in aquatic system by semipermeable membrane device and caged fish].

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in combination with in vitro ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay was used to assess the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) effects in aquatic system. In present work, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected as target compounds and SPMDs were deployed simultaneously with caged crucian carp for 32 days at five sites in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake. The concentrations of PAHs in the SPMD dialysates and fish tissues were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Accurate quantification of freely dissolved organochlorine pesticides in water in the presence of dissolved organic matter using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane.

A novel method is described using triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) for accurate determination of the freely dissolved fraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in waters rich in dissolved organic matter (DOM). The performance of the method was tested with an air-bridge system for extracting OCPs from aqueous solutions with and without humic acid. In addition, the partition coefficients between humic acid and water (K (doc)s) for 20 OCPs were determined by TECAM with negligible depletion extraction.

[Comparison between biomimetic sampling technique using semipermeable membrane device and bioconcentration in caged fish for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons].

Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) was recently accepted to estimate the time-integrated concentrations of bioavailable hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in a similar manner as lipophilic bioconcentration. However few field researches were carried out to verify the similarities of SPMD and fish in concentrating HOCs from water. In present work, SPMD and caged crucian carps (Carassius auratus) were deployed side-by-side at five sites in Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake for 32 days and concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in SPMD and fish were analyzed.