Strain Typing of Clinical Isolates by Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis.

The aim of this study was to identify and isolate ( ) from clinical samples and to assess the genetic relatedness of the most frequently isolated strains of using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers GAC-1 and M13. All the clinical samples that grew species, identified and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genus-specific primers, were considered for the study. Confirmation of the species was carried out by specific PCR.

Multidrug-resistant novel brain abscess in sarcoidosis.

Central nervous system nocardiosis is a rare, life-threatening infection seen commonly in immunocompromised individuals. is a novel species seldom causing infections in humans. We describe a patient of sarcoidosis on immunosuppression, who presented with altered sensorium due to a frontal lobe abscess secondary to infection.

Histoplasma Pyomyositis in a Patient with Disseminated Histoplasmosis and Anti-Synthetase Syndrome: Case-Based Review of Literature.

Background: Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma Capsulatum, a thermally dimorphic fungus with mycelial and yeast forms. Muscle involvement is infrequent in Histoplasmosis.

Case: A 49-year-old lady presented with generalized myalgia and arthritis of two-year duration, which had responded partly to glucocorticoids.

Results of Percutaneous Computed Tomography-Guided Biopsy of Adrenal Lesions and Spectrum of Computed Tomography Findings.

Objective: Adrenal enlargement occurs in various conditions such as infections, benign, and malignant neoplasms. Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided adrenal biopsy is a safe method for obtaining tissue specimen in cases where diagnosis cannot be established on imaging and biochemical grounds. The study aims to evaluate diagnostic yield, accuracy, and complications of percutaneous CT-guided adrenal biopsies.

Isolated bilateral renal mucormycosis in apparently immunocompetent patients-a case series from India and review of the literature.

Background: Isolated renal mucormycosis (IRM) is a potentially fatal disease affecting immunocompromised hosts. IRM affecting apparently immunocompetent patients is rare, with few previous reports, mostly from India. We describe 10 cases of bilateral IRM with no underlying risk factors.

Invasive Candidiasis in Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Experience from a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital.

Background: Invasive candidiasis (IC) is associated with increased morbidity in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). There is limited information regarding the predisposing factors, species distribution and susceptibility.

Methodology: Current data have been derived from a larger prospective nonintervention study conducted on 200 critically ill patients which was done to study the antifungal prescription practices, collect epidemiological data, and perform an external validation of risk prediction models for IC under senior research associateship program of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research New Delhi.

Invasive Aspergillosis of Anterior Skull Base in the Immunocompetent Host: Outcomes with a Combined Treatment Modality-An Institutional Experience.

 To study outcomes with voriconazole therapy in immunocompetent individuals following maximal safe endoscopic resection in invasive aspergillosis of the anterior skull base.  Retrospective study of patients with chronic invasive aspergillosis including symptomatology, extent of disease, and response to voriconazole following maximal safe resection in immunocompetent individuals.  Tertiary care superspeciality referral center.

Invasive candidiasis in non neutropenic critically ill - need for region-specific management guidelines.

Use of antifungal agents has increased over past few decades. A number of risk factors such as immunosuppression, broad spectrum antibiotics, dialysis, pancreatitis, surgery, etc., have been linked with the increased risk of invasive candidiasis.

Mixed Cutaneous Infection Caused by Mycobacterium szulgai and Mycobacterium intermedium in a Healthy Adult Female: A Rare Case Report.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTMs) are ubiquitous and are being increasingly reported as human opportunistic infection. Cutaneous infection caused by mixed NTM is extremely rare. We encountered the case of a 46-year-old female, who presented with multiple discharging sinuses over the lower anterior abdominal wall (over a previous appendectomy scar) for the past 2 years.

Oropharyngeal candidiasis and Candida colonization in HIV positive patients in northern India.

Introduction: Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients worldwide. This prospective study was undertaken to investigate OPC and Candida colonization (CC) and their correlation with CD4+ cell counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients.

Methodology: In total, 190 HIV-positive patients were enrolled for study in three groups as follows: Group A, 90 patients without ART; Group B, 100 patients undergoing treatment with ART; and Group C, 75 HIV-negative control patients.

Isolated renal zygomycosis: novel diagnostic and prognostic criteria with experience of a tertiary care center.

Background: Isolated renal zygomycosis is a life-threatening infection and difficult to diagnose ante mortem due to varied presentations. Most reports in the literature are case reports. We are presenting our experience of 10 patients.

Spectrum of fungal infection in a neurology tertiary care center in India.

There is a paucity of studies on spectrum of fungal infections in neurology care. This study reports clinical, MRI and outcome of patients with central nervous system (CNS) fungal infections. 39 patients with CNS fungal infections treated in neurology service during the last 3 years were included and a detailed medical history and clinical examination were undertaken.

Diagnostic pitfalls in cytological diagnosis of subcutaneous fungal infection in renal transplant recipients.

Renal transplant recipients (RTRs) are at increased risk of the development of a variety of skin infections that can result from graft-preserving immuno-suppressive therapy. In this study, we aimed to determine cytomorphological findings of fungal subcutaneous swelling in seven RTRs and to analyze diagnostic pitfalls in fungal cytology. A retrospective review of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears of subcutaneous swelling with positive fungal elements in RTRs from 2008 to 2010 was performed.

Successful medical management of renal zygomycosis: a summary of two cases and a review of the Indian literature.

We present two cases of renal zygomycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans and Mycocladus corymbifer in previously healthy immunocompetent males and an overview of the disease in India. In both cases a percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) was performed and the etiologic agents were identified by direct microscopy and culture. Amphotericin B was administered and both patients recovered completely.

Cavitary pulmonary zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus homothallicus.

We report the first two proven cases of cavitary pulmonary zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus homothallicus. The diagnosis in each case was based on histology, culture of the causal agent, and the nucleotide sequence of the D1/D2 region of the 28S ribosomal DNA.

Pulmonary mucormycosis mimicking as pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report.

Pulmonary Mucormycosis is an uncommon disease caused by fungi of class Zygomycetes. It occurs predminantly in an immunodeficient host most common risk factor being diabetes mellitus. The lesions are localized in the lungs or the mediastinum.

Predictive efficacy of nalidixic acid resistance as a marker of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica var Typhi.

Background And Objectives: Resistance in Salmonella enterica var Typhi (S. Typhi) to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin and co-trimoxazole has posed a challenge to treatment of typhoid fever. Ciprofloxacin has been the empirical therapy of choice, but the recent increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ciprofloxacin in S.

Chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia from north India.

Though Chromobacterium violaceum is a common inhabitant of soil and water in tropical and sub-tropical regions, human infections are rare but when they do occur result in high mortality. Since the first case from Malaysia in 1927, about 150 cases have been reported in world literature. Till date 6 cases have been reported from southern and eastern parts of India.