Research and application discussion on new technology for detecting cadmium ions based on a near-red light carbon dot fluorescence quenching method.

Cadmium ions are considered one of the most dangerous heavy metal pollutants. The human body does not require cadmium for growth and development, yet continuous intake of cadmium ions due to environmental pollution can lead to their accumulation in the body. This accumulation can result in damage to the urinary system and, in severe cases, pose life-threatening risks.

CO/H Separation by Synergistic Enhanced Hydrate Method with SDS and R134a.

The synergistic effect of thermodynamic promoter tetrafluoroethane (R134a) and kinetic promoter sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) can significantly improve the phase equilibrium conditions required for CO hydrate formation and promote rapid generation of CO hydrate. Based on this, this study investigates the influence of SDS and R134a synergy on the separation of CO/H mixed gas using the hydrate method. The research reveals that without SDS addition, R134a hydrate forms first at the gas-liquid interface before CO hydrate induction, hindering gas-liquid exchange.

Novel separate aeration self-circulating technology for continuous aerobic granular sludge process: Performance evaluation, hydrodynamic simulation and control strategy.

The continuous aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process is promising for upgrading existing wastewater treatment facilities. However, this approach is still challenging because of its complicated structure and operation. To address this issue, a novel separate aeration self-circulating technology (abbreviated as Zier) was proposed, which is promising for cultivating AGS by its outstanding upflow velocity and circulation multiplier (more than 30 m/h and 200, respectively).

There is a topographic organization in human cortico-pontine connectivity.

Of the three largest outputs of the cerebral cortex, two have been extensively studied and mapped. Topographic maps of cortico-thalamic and cortico-striatal functional connectivity in humans are well established. However, for the third largest cerebral output, to the pontine nuclei, which connect the cerebrum to the cerebellum, the existence of such an organized connectivity pattern in humans is unknown.

Multi-Phase Locking Value: A Generalized Method for Determining Instantaneous Multi-Frequency Phase Coupling.

Background: Many physical, biological and neural systems behave as coupled oscillators, with characteristic phase coupling across different frequencies. Methods such as : phase locking value (where two coupling frequencies are linked as: = ) and bi-phase locking value have previously been proposed to quantify phase coupling between two resonant frequencies (e.g.

Assessing the Usage of Indirect Motor Pathways Following a Hemiparetic Stroke.

A hallmark impairment in a hemiparetic stroke is a loss of independent joint control resulting in abnormal co-activation of shoulder abductor and elbow flexor muscles in their paretic arm, clinically known as the flexion synergy. The flexion synergy appears while generating shoulder abduction (SABD) torques as lifting the paretic arm. This likely be caused by an increased reliance on contralesional indirect motor pathways following damage to direct corticospinal projections.

Effects of Electrode Configurations and Injected Current Intensity on the Electrical Field of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: A Simulation Study.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technology that modulates the excitability of the brain by delivering weak electric currents to the brain via scalp electrodes. Electrode configuration and injected current intensity are two important parameters in the tDCS design. This simulation study examined three commercially available electrode configurations, i.

Assessing Neural Connectivity and Associated Time Delays of Muscle Responses to Continuous Position Perturbations.

Both linear and nonlinear electromyographic (EMG) connectivity has been reported during the expression of stretch reflexes, though it is not clear whether they are generated by the same neural pathways. To answer this question, we aim to distinguish linear and nonlinear connectivity, as well as their delays in muscle responses, resulting from continuous elbow joint perturbations. We recorded EMG from Biceps Brachii muscle when eight able-bodied participants were performing a steady elbow flexion torque while simultaneously receiving a continuous position perturbation.

Quantifying Altered Neural Connectivity of the Stretch Reflex in Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke.

Post-stroke flexion synergy limits arm/hand function and is also linked to hyperactive stretch reflexes or spasticity. It is implicated in the increased role of indirect motor pathways following damage to direct corticospinal projections. We hypothesized that this maladaptive neuroplasticity also affects stretch reflexes.

A Novel Approach for Modeling Neural Responses to Joint Perturbations Using the NARMAX Method and a Hierarchical Neural Network.

The human nervous system is an ensemble of connected neuronal networks. Modeling and system identification of the human nervous system helps us understand how the brain processes sensory input and controls responses at the systems level. This study aims to propose an advanced approach based on a hierarchical neural network and non-linear system identification method to model neural activity in the nervous system in response to an external somatosensory input.

Dynamic Information Flow Based on EEG and Diffusion MRI in Stroke: A Proof-of-Principle Study.

In hemiparetic stroke, functional recovery of paretic limb may occur with the reorganization of neural networks in the brain. Neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have a high spatial resolution which can be used to reveal anatomical changes in the brain following a stroke. However, low temporal resolution of MRI provides less insight of dynamic changes of brain activity.