Evaluation and Management of Noncardiac Comorbidities in Children With Congenital Heart Disease.

Outcomes for patients with neonatal heart disease are affected by numerous noncardiac and genetic factors. These can include neonatal concerns, such as prematurity and low birth weight, and congenital anomalies, such as airway, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary anomalies, and genetic syndromes. This section will serve as a summary of these issues and how they may affect the evaluation and management of a neonate with heart disease.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Infants and Children With Cardiac Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

Cardiac arrest occurs at a higher rate in children with heart disease than in healthy children. Pediatric basic life support and advanced life support guidelines focus on delivering high-quality resuscitation in children with normal hearts. The complexity and variability in pediatric heart disease pose unique challenges during resuscitation.

Preoperative trophic feeds in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Objective: The aim of this is study is to determine if preoperative trophic feeds (TFs) can improve outcomes after Norwood palliation.

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The setting is a pediatric cardiovascular intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital.

Ultrasound-guided femoral vein catheterization in neonates with cardiac disease*.

Objective: To describe a novel technique for real-time, ultrasound-guided femoral vein catheterization in neonates with cardiac disease, and to compare it to a contemporaneous cohort of neonates undergoing femoral vein central venous line placement via landmark technique.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of data extracted from a quality improvement database.

Setting: Pediatric cardiac intensive care unit and cardiovascular operating room in pediatric tertiary hospital.

Early initiation of arginine vasopressin infusion in neonates after complex cardiac surgery.

Objective: To describe our experience with low-dose arginine vasopressin infusions (0.0003 U/kg/min) initiated in the operating room after the Norwood procedure or arterial switch operation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of 37 consecutive neonates.

The proapoptotic BH3-only, Bcl-2 family member, Puma is critical for acute ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis.

Synaptogenesis in humans occurs in the last trimester of gestation and in the first few years of life, whereas it occurs in the postnatal period in rodents. A single exposure of neonatal rodents to ethanol during this period evokes extensive neuronal apoptosis. Previous studies indicate that ethanol triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in neurons, and that this requires the multi-BH domain, proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bax.