In situ infestation of sea trout Salmo trutta with salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis reveals parasite-induced behavioral modifications.

In areas with high densities of salmon farming, spillover of the ectoparasitic salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis poses a major threat to wild anadromous salmonids. By combining experimentally salmon louse infestation (mean ± standard deviation = 0.25 ± 0.

Occurrence of salmonid alphavirus and piscine orthoreovirus-1 infections in migrating salmon (Salmo salar L.) post-smolt in western Norway.

Viral diseases are a serious problem in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farming in Norway, often leading to reduced fish welfare and increased mortality. Disease outbreaks in salmon farms may lead to spread of viruses to the surrounding environment.

Occurrence of salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) infections in wild sea trout Salmo trutta in Norway.

Viral diseases represent a serious problem in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) farming in Norway. Pancreas disease (PD) caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) and heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) caused by piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) are among the most frequently diagnosed viral diseases in recent years.

Change in anthropometrics and aerobic fitness in Air Force cadets during 3 years of academy studies.

Introduction: Favorable anthropometrical status and aerobic fitness levels are emphasized in Norwegian Air Force personnel. However, it is unknown how these variables develop in Air Force cadets. Thus, the main aim of the present study was to examine how anthropometrics and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2(max)) change among Norwegian Air Force cadets during 3 yr of Academy studies.

Proxy measures of fitness suggest coastal fish farms can act as population sources and not ecological traps for wild gadoid fish.

Background: Ecological traps form when artificial structures are added to natural habitats and induce mismatches between habitat preferences and fitness consequences. Their existence in terrestrial systems has been documented, yet little evidence suggests they occur in marine environments. Coastal fish farms are widespread artificial structures in coastal ecosystems and are highly attractive to wild fish.

Quality benchmark for trans-tibial prostheses in low-income countries.

Based on four series of patients (N=141) participating in clinical field testing of prosthetic feet and all provided with trans-tibial prostheses in accordance with the polypropylene component and assembly system developed by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) a series of quality benchmarks was developed and tested against historical data. The patient compliance demands were set for walking >1 km at 90 +/- 10%, non-users at 5 +/- 5%, discomfort at 10 +/- 10%, pain at 10 +/- 10%, and patient satisfaction at 90 +/- 10%. The technical performance demands were set for good socket fit at 60 +/- 10%, misalignment at 15 +/- 10%, insufficient craftsmanship at 10 +/- 10%, and requirements for socket change at 10 +/- 10%.