Associations Between Mental Disorders in Donors and Matched Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Immunological mechanisms have been implicated in the development of mental disorders, and interestingly, case reports have suggested that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can both transmit and cure psychotic disorders by replacing immune progenitor cells.

Methods: Using Danish registers, we followed patients who received HSCT from donors with a psychiatric diagnosis or psychotropic medication use. We assessed risk of incident mental disorders or psychotropic medication use compared with recipients with unaffected donors.

Levels of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with psychotic disorders compared to individually matched healthy controls.

Background: Increased peripheral cytokine levels have been observed in patients with psychotic disorders; however, large high-quality studies with individually matched healthy controls have been lacking regarding cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of individuals with psychotic disorders.

Methods: Patients diagnosed with a non-organic, non-affective psychotic disorder (ICD-10: F20/22-29) within a year prior to inclusion and individually age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included by identical in- and exclusion criteria's except for the psychiatric diagnoses. All participants were aged 18-50 years and individuals with neurological or immunological disorders were excluded.

Antineuronal Autoantibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum From 106 Patients With Recent-Onset Depression Compared With 106 Individually Matched Healthy Control Subjects.

No large studies have investigated the prevalence of cerebrospinal fluid antineuronal autoantibodies in isolated depression. In this case-control study comparing 106 patients with isolated depression (ICD-10 code F32) with 106 healthy control subjects, cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were tested for 7 immunoglobulin G autoantibodies using commercial fixed cell-based assays. To explore validity of methods, positive samples were retested twice by cell-based assays and once by tissue-based assays (monkey cerebellum).

Biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with psychotic disorders compared to healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Psychotic disorders are severe mental disorders with poorly understood etiology. Biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could provide etiological clues and diagnostic tools for psychosis; however, an unbiased overview of CSF alterations in individuals with psychotic disorders is lacking. The objective of this study was to summarize all quantifiable findings in CSF from individuals with psychotic disorders compared to healthy controls (HC).

Comparisons of 25 cerebrospinal fluid cytokines in a case-control study of 106 patients with recent-onset depression and 106 individually matched healthy subjects.

Background: Neuroinflammation has been suggested as a contributor to the pathophysiology of depression; however, large case-control studies investigating cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with recent-onset depression by multiplex analyses are missing.

Methods: An individually matched (sex and age) prospective case-control study comparing patients with recent-onset depression to healthy controls. CSF was analyzed with the Mesoscale V-PLEX Neuroinflammation Panel 1.

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Blood-Brain Barrier in Psychotic Disorders and Individually Matched Healthy Controls.

Background And Hypothesis: Neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction have been observed in patients with psychotic disorders. However, previous studies have mainly focused on selected patients and broad screenings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with recent onset psychosis compared to healthy controls are lacking.

Study Design: We included 104 patients with recent onset psychotic disorder and 104 individually matched healthy controls.

Neuroinflammatory Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid From 106 Patients With Recent-Onset Depression Compared With 106 Individually Matched Healthy Control Subjects.

Background: Neuroinflammation has been linked to depression; however, neuroinflammatory biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have not previously been thoroughly investigated in a large group of patients with recent-onset depression compared with healthy control subjects.

Methods: We conducted an individually matched case-control study comparing patients with recent-onset depression (ICD-10: F32) to control subjects. Primary outcomes were CSF white cell count (WCC), CSF-to-serum albumin ratio, CSF total protein, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) index.

Immunological investigations of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with recent onset psychotic disorders: A study protocol.

Background: Though many previous studies have indicated immunological alterations in psychotic disorders, the role and prevalence of neuroinflammation is still unknown. Studies previously investigating immune related biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of these patients are mainly small studies on few markers, and many have not compared patients to healthy controls.

Methods: We will conduct a large case-control study including at least 100 patients with recent onset psychotic disorders and 100 sex- and age matched healthy controls.

What does a threatened saproxylic beetle look like? Modelling extinction risk using a new morphological trait database.

The extinction of species is a non-random process, and understanding why some species are more likely to go extinct than others is critical for conservation efforts. Functional trait-based approaches offer a promising tool to achieve this goal. In forests, deadwood-dependent (saproxylic) beetles comprise a major part of threatened species, but analyses of their extinction risk have been hindered by the availability of suitable morphological traits.

Validation of boar taint detection by sensory quality control: relationship between sample size and uncertainty of performance indicators.

To prevent impaired consumer acceptance due to insensitive sensory quality control, it is of primary importance to periodically validate the performance of the assessors. This communication show cases how the uncertainty of sensitivity and specificity estimates is influenced by the total number of assessed samples and the prevalence of positive (here: boar tainted) samples. Furthermore, a statistically sound approach to determining the sample size that is necessary for performance validation is provided.

What's (in) a real smoothie. A division of linguistic labour in consumers' acceptance of name-product combinations?

Is being, say, a macaroon or a smoothie a matter of what these products look and taste like and how they feel in the mouth? Or is it a matter of which ingredients have been used and how they have been processed? Will ordinary consumers always rely on their own judgment in such matters, or delegate the final judgment to experts of some sort? The present experimental study addressed these issues in combination by testing the limits for consumers' acceptance of three different name-product combinations when exposed to taste samples alone (sensory product attributes), taste samples in combination with ingredients lists and nutrition facts (adding factual information), and both, in combination with authoritative definitions (adding experts' final judgments). The examples were modelled around authentic cases from the Danish food market which have been subject to vast legal as well as public concern. The results provide new insights into the socio-cognitive dynamics behind consumers' acceptance or rejection of specific name-product combinations and new leads for supporting the fairness of food naming practices with a view also to the product type, the stage it has reached in its life-cycle, and its degree of familiarity on the market.

Higher total serum cholesterol levels are associated with less severe strokes and lower all-cause mortality: ten-year follow-up of ischemic strokes in the Copenhagen Stroke Study.

Background And Purpose: Evidence of a causal relation between serum cholesterol and stroke is inconsistent. We investigated the relation between total serum cholesterol and both stroke severity and poststroke mortality to test the hypothesis that hypercholesterolemia is primarily associated with minor stroke.

Methods: In the study, 652 unselected patients with ischemic stroke arrived at the hospital within 24 hours of stroke onset.