Accelerated 3YMD programs: the last decade of growth of the Consortium of Accelerated Medical Pathway Programs (CAMPP).

Introduction: Over the past decade, the growth of accelerated three-year MD (3YMD) programs has flourished. In 2015, with support from the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, the Consortium of Medical Pathway Programs (CAMPP) started with eight North American medical schools.

Departmental Metrics to Guide Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion for Academic Family Medicine Departments.

Problem: Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) efforts have accelerated over the past several years, without a traditional guidebook that other missions often have. To evaluate progress over time, departments of family medicine are seeking ways to measure their current EDI state. Across the specialty, unity regarding which EDI metrics are meaningful is absent, and discordance even exists about what should be measured.

Managing TIA: Early action and essential risk-reduction steps.

Your patient with a focal neurologic deficit is rushed to the ED for diagnostic imaging. Which initial and longterm interventions can best reduce their risk of recurrent TIA and stroke?

Caring for patients with co-occurring mental health & substance use disorders.

Consider substance abuse if Tx for mood or anxiety disorders is ineffective. Don't defer treating a mental health issue until a substance use disorder is resolved.

Integrating Simulated Patients in TBL: a Strategy for Success in Medical Education.

Background: Successful use of team-based learning (TBL) and simulated patients (SP) in medical schools is growing. We hypothesized that integrating SPs into TBL would enhance the traditional TBL.

Activity: From 2016 to 2018, we taught fourth-year medical students through an SP-TBL hybrid, utilizing an integrated SP interview.

Being Reproductive.

Women's reproductive health maintenance begins in the early years of growth and development. Routine care is the basis for early detection of menstrual dysfunction and delays or acceleration of physical development. Patients and their families may not address menstruation concerns because of the sensitive nature of the topic, the patient's self-conscious attitudes, and the parent's apprehension.

Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction and the Air We Breathe.

An association between airway dysfunction and airborne pollutant inhalation exists. Volatilized airborne fluorocarbons in ski wax rooms, particulate matter, and trichloromines in indoor environments are suspect to high prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and new-onset asthma in athletes competing in cross-country skiing, ice rink sports, and swimming. Ozone is implicated in acute decreases in lung function and the development of new-onset asthma from exposure during exercise.

Roadmap for creating an accelerated three-year medical education program.

Unlabelled: Medical education is undergoing significant transformation. Many medical schools are moving away from the concept of seat time to competency-based education and introducing flexibility in the curriculum that allows individualization. In response to rising student debt and the anticipated physician shortage, 35% of US medical schools are considering the development of accelerated pathways.

Recurrent Ischemic Stroke: Strategies for Prevention.

Recurrent strokes make up almost 25% of the nearly 800,000 strokes that occur annually in the United States. Risk factors for ischemic stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, and obesity. Lifestyle modifications, including tobacco cessation, decreased alcohol use, and increased physical activity, are also important in the management of patients with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack.

The Rules of Engagement: Perspectives on Secure Messaging From Experienced Ambulatory Patient Portal Users.

Background: Patient portals have shown promise in engaging individuals in self-management of chronic conditions by allowing patients to input and track health information and exchange secure electronic messages with their providers. Past studies have identified patient barriers to portal use including usability issues, low health literacy, and concerns about loss of personal contact as well as provider concerns such as increased time spent responding to messages. However, to date, studies of both patient and provider perspectives on portal use have focused on the pre-implementation or initial implementation phases and do not consider how these issues may change as patients and providers gain greater experience with portals.

Preterm Labor: Prevention and Management.

In the United States, preterm delivery is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and is the most common reason for hospitalization during pregnancy. The rate of preterm delivery (before 37 weeks' gestation) has been declining since 2007. Clinical diagnosis of preterm labor is made if there are regular contractions and concomitant cervical change.

Air quality and temperature effects on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is exaggerated constriction of the airways usually soon after cessation of exercise. This is most often a response to airway dehydration in the presence of airway inflammation in a person with a responsive bronchial smooth muscle. Severity is related to water content of inspired air and level of ventilation achieved and sustained.

Palliative and end-of-life care training during the surgical clerkship.

Background: In 2000, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education required that all medical schools provide experiential training in end-of-life care. To adhere to this mandate and advance the professional development of medical students, experiential training in communication skills at the end-of-life was introduced into the third-year surgical clerkship curriculum at Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine.

Materials And Methods: In the 2007-08 academic year, 97 third-year medical students completed six standardized end-of-life care patient scenarios commonly encountered during the third-year surgical clerkship.

Air quality and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite athletes.

A higher prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway remodeling, and asthma has been identified among athletes who compete and train in environmental conditions of cold dry air and/or high air pollution. Repeated long-duration exposure to cold/dry air at high minute ventilation rates can cause airway damage. Competition or training at venues close to busy roadways, or in indoor ice arenas or chlorinated swimming pools, harbors a risk for acute and chronic airway disorders from high pollutant exposure.

An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

Background: Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) describes acute airway narrowing that occurs as a result of exercise. EIB occurs in a substantial proportion of patients with asthma, but may also occur in individuals without known asthma.

Methods: To provide clinicians with practical guidance, a multidisciplinary panel of stakeholders was convened to review the pathogenesis of EIB and to develop evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of EIB.

Formation of covalently modified folding intermediates of simian virus 40 Vp1 in large T antigen-expressing cells.

The folding and pentamer assembly of the simian virus 40 (SV40) major capsid protein Vp1, which take place in the infected cytoplasm, have been shown to progress through disulfide-bonded Vp1 folding intermediates. In this report, we further demonstrate the existence of another category of Vp1 folding or assembly intermediates: the nonreducible, covalently modified mdVp1s. These species were present in COS-7 cells that expressed a recombinant SV40 Vp1, Vp1ΔC, through plasmid transfection.

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and vocal cord dysfunction: two sides of the same coin?

Patients are referred often because of self-reported symptoms of dyspnea and wheeze during exercise. The two common causes of exercise-induced dyspnea are exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and vocal cord dysfunction (VCD). It can be extraordinarily difficult to differentiate between the two, especially because they may coexist in the same patient.

Small things make a big difference: particulate matter and exercise.

The increased risk of morbidity and mortality among adults and children with pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory illness from emission-derived particulate matter (PM) is well documented. However, the detrimental effects of PM inhalation on the exercising, healthy population is still in question. This review will focus on the acute and chronic responses to PM inhalation during exercise and how PM exposure influences exercise performance.

Respiratory health of elite athletes - preventing airway injury: a critical review.

Elite athletes, particularly those engaged in endurance sports and those exposed chronically to airborne pollutants/irritants or allergens, are at increased risk for upper and lower airway dysfunction. Airway epithelial injury may be caused by dehydration and physical stress applied to the airways during severe exercise hyperpnoea and/or by inhalation of noxious agents. This is thought to initiate an inflammatory cascade/repair process that, ultimately, could lead to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and asthma in susceptible athletes.

Effect of air pollution on athlete health and performance.

Unfavourable effects on the respiratory and the cardiovascular systems from short-term and long-term inhalation of air pollution are well documented. Exposure to freshly generated mixed combustion emissions such as those observed in proximity to roadways with high volumes of traffic and those from ice-resurfacing equipment are of particular concern. This is because there is a greater toxicity from freshly generated whole exhaust than from its component parts.

Inhaled whole exhaust and its effect on exercise performance and vascular function.

Context: Internal combustion engines are a major source of particulate matter (PM) which has been shown to result in vasoconstriction, yet no present study to our knowledge has investigated the effect of exhaust emissions on both exercise performance and the vasculature.

Objective: To examine the effect of freshly generated whole exhaust on exercise performance, pulmonary arterial pressure (PP), and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery.

Materials And Methods: Sixteen male, collegiate athletes (age: 20.