Cold-hot Janus electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for calibration-free determination of biomolecules.

Real-time, high-frequency measurements of pharmaceuticals, metabolites, exogenous antigens, and other biomolecules in biological samples can provide critical information for health management and clinical diagnosis. Electrochemical aptamer-based (EAB) sensor is a promising analytical technique capable of achieving these goals. However, the issues of insufficient sensitivity, frequent calibration and lack of adapted portable electrochemical device limit its practical application in immediate detection.