Molecular Epidemiology of New Delhi Metallo--Lactamase-Producing in Food-Producing Animals in China.

We conducted a molecular surveillance study for carbapenem-resistant (CRE) colonization in food-producing animals in China that included primarily swine and poultry for three consecutive years. A total of 2,771 samples from food-producing animals and their surrounding environments were collected from different regions in China from 2015 to 2017. Enrichment cultures supplemented with meropenem were used to isolate carbapenem non-susceptible isolates and these were subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF MS.

The Emergence and Molecular Characteristics of New Delhi Metallo -Lactamase-Producing From Ducks in Guangdong, China.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and transmission characteristics of New Delhi metallo β-lactamase (NDM)-producing from ducks in Guangdong, China. In this study, a total of 28 NDM-producing isolates were recovered from 88 unduplicated diseased duck samples (31.8%) from veterinary clinics in Guangzhou, Foshan, Qingyuan, and Huizhou.

AI-Blue-Carba: A Rapid and Improved Carbapenemase Producer Detection Assay Using Blue-Carba With Deep Learning.

A rapid and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria (CPGNB) has an immediate demand in the clinic. Here, we developed and validated a method for rapid detection of CPGNB using Blue-Carba combined with deep learning (designated as AI-Blue-Carba). The optimum bacterial suspension concentration and detection wavelength were determined using a Multimode Plate Reader and integrated with deep learning modeling.

High colonization rate of a novel carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella lineage among migratory birds at Qinghai Lake, China.

Objectives: The emergence of carbapenemase-positive Enterobacteriaceae poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Here we conducted a molecular surveillance study on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization among migratory birds at Qinghai Lake in China.

Methods: A total of 420 samples from migratory birds and their surrounding environment were collected at three sites along the Qinghai Lake bird island.

Clonal expansion and horizontal transmission of epidemic F2:A1:B1 plasmids involved in co-spread of rmtB with qepA and blaCTX-M-27 in extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolates.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and transmission of 16S rRNA methylase genes among Salmonella isolates from food animals in China.

Methods: A total of 310 Salmonella isolates collected from food animals in seven provinces of China during 2016-17 were screened for 16S RMTase genes. The clonal relationship of the 16S RMTase-producing isolates and their plasmid contents were also characterized.

Novel partners with colistin to increase its in vivo therapeutic effectiveness and prevent the occurrence of colistin resistance in NDM- and MCR-co-producing Escherichia coli in a murine infection model.

Objectives: The emergence of NDM- and MCR-1-co-producing Escherichia coli has compromised the use of carbapenems and colistin, which are critically important in clinical therapy, and represents a severe threat to public health worldwide. Here, we demonstrate synergism of colistin combined with existing antibiotics as a potential strategy to overcome XDR E. coli co-harbouring NDM and MCR-1 genes.

High Genetic Plasticity in Multidrug-Resistant Sequence Type 3-IncHI2 Plasmids Revealed by Sequence Comparison and Phylogenetic Analysis.

We report a novel fusion plasmid, pP2-3T, cointegrating sequence type 3 (ST3)-IncHI2 with an IncFII plasmid backbone mediating multidrug resistance (MDR) and virulence. Phylogenetic analysis and comparative genomics revealed that pP2-3T and other MDR ST3-IncHI2 plasmids clustered together, representing a unique IncHI2 lineage that exhibited high conservation in backbones of plasmids but possessed highly genetic plasticity in various regions by acquiring numerous antibiotic resistance genes and fusing with other plasmids. Surveillance studies should be performed to monitor multiresistance IncHI2 plasmids among .

Characterization of Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica from Farm Animals in China.

This study was focused on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Salmonella directly isolated at animal clinics in Guangdong, People's Republic of China. The isolation rates from chickens, ducks, and pigs were 11.3% (11 of 97 samples), 15.

Deciphering MCR-2 Colistin Resistance.

Antibiotic resistance is a prevalent problem in public health worldwide. In general, the carbapenem β-lactam antibiotics are considered a final resort against lethal infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Colistin is a cationic polypeptide antibiotic and acts as the last line of defense for treatment of carbapenem-resistant bacteria.

Genetic Analysis of the IncX4 Plasmids: Implications for a Unique Pattern in the mcr-1 Acquisition.

IncX4 plasmids are associated with the dissemination of the mcr-1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae. We screened IncX4 plasmids among 2,470 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and determined the mcr-1 positive isolates. Forty-three isolates were observed to carry IncX4 type plasmid, among which 13 were identified to carry mcr-1 gene.

Increased activity of colistin in combination with amikacin against Escherichia coli co-producing NDM-5 and MCR-1.

Objectives: Colistin and carbapenem are two lines of last-resort antibiotics against lethal infections caused by MDR Gram-negative pathogens. The emergence of carbapenemase-positive Escherichia coli with colistin resistance poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. Here we report, for the first time (to the best of our knowledge), a novel combination therapy used for the treatment of E.

Co-transfer of bla and mcr-1 by an IncX3-X4 hybrid plasmid in Escherichia coli.

Carbapenem and colistin are the last-resort antibiotics used for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we report, for the first time, co-transfer of resistance to both classes of antibiotics by a mobile IncX3-X4 hybrid plasmid in an Escherichia coli isolate. Spread of such a plasmid is of great concern for clinical therapy, and heightened efforts are needed to control its dissemination.

Emergence of NDM-5- and MCR-1-Producing Escherichia coli Clones ST648 and ST156 from a Single Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata).

Two Escherichia coli clones (sequence type 648 [ST648] and ST156) that coproduce NDM-5 and MCR-1 were detected from a single fowl in China. The bla gene was found on the two indistinguishable IncX3 plasmids from the two different E. coli isolates, whereas the mcr-1 gene was located on IncHI2 and IncI2 plasmids, respectively, suggesting that bla and mcr-1 have spread in avian intestinal flora.

Complete Nucleotide Sequence of an IncI2 Plasmid Coharboring blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-1.

We report the complete nucleotide sequence of a plasmid, pA31-12, carrying blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-1 from a chicken Escherichia coli isolate. pA31-12 has an IncI2 replicon that displays extensive sequence similarity with pHN1122-1-borne blaCTX-M-55 and pHNSHP45-borne mcr-1 Insertion sequences ISEcp1 and ISApl1 are responsible for the mobilization of blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-1, respectively. The colocalization of mcr-1 with an extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene on a conjugative plasmid may accelerate the dissemination of both genes by coselection.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli in a farrowing farm: ST1121 clone harboring IncHI2 plasmid contributes to the dissemination of bla CMY-2.

During a regular monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in a farrowing farm in Southern China, 117 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from sows and piglets. Compared with the isolates from piglets, the isolates from sows exhibited higher resistance rates to the tested cephalosporins. Correspondingly, the total detection rate of the bla CMY-2/bla CTX-M genes in the sow isolates (34.