[Immune responses induced by subunit vaccine of Ag85B-ESAT-6 delivered by mucosal route to Mycobacterium tuberculosis].

Objective To identify the immune responses induced by subunit vaccine of Ag85B-ESAT-6 (AE) fusion protein by mucosal route and the protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in mice. Methods AE and AE with c-di-AMP as adjuvant were inoculated intranasally in mice. The generation of specific IgG, cytokines secreted by Th1 cells (IFN-γ, IL-2) and Th2 cells (IL-10) were detected by ELISA.

A Moral Cleansing Process: How and When Does Unethical Pro-organizational Behavior Increase Prohibitive and Promotive Voice.

In this study, we draw on moral cleansing theory to investigate the consequence of unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) from the perspective of the actors. Specifically, we hypothesize that after conducting UPB, people may feel guilty and tend to cleanse their wrongdoings by providing suggestions or identifying problems at work (i.e.

Evaluation of physicochemical properties of Qinling Apis cerana honey and the antimicrobial activity of the extract against Salmonella Typhimurium LT in vitro and in vivo.

Apis cerana honey collected from the Qinling Mountains in China has been widely used for its antimicrobial property in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its antibacterial mechanism against Salmonella Typhimurium LT is still uncertain. A total of 52 volatile components were identified using headspace-gas-chromatography-ion-mobility, and Qinling A.

Empowered to Break the Silence: Applying Self-Determination Theory to Employee Silence.

The paper studies how leaders can break employee silence. Drawing upon self-determination theory, we argue that empowering leadership can activate employees' intrinsic motivation such that employees are more willing to break the silence at work; furthermore, the effect is stronger when employees have high (vis-à-vis low) levels of job autonomy. We collected time-lagged and multi-source data in a large company to test our hypotheses.

Fairness heuristics and substitutability effects: inferring the fairness of outcomes, procedures, and interpersonal treatment when employees lack clear information.

Employees routinely make judgments of 3 kinds of justice (i.e., distributive, procedural, and interactional), yet they may lack clear information to do so.