Overlooked and underpowered: a meta-research addressing sample size in radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate how studies determine the sample size when developing radiomics prediction models for binary outcomes, and whether the sample size meets the estimates obtained by using established criteria.

Methods: We identified radiomics studies that were published from 01 January 2023 to 31 December 2023 in seven leading peer-reviewed radiological journals. We reviewed the sample size justification methods, and actual sample size used.

Node-RADS: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability.

Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate diagnostic performance, category-wise malignancy rates, and inter-observer reliability of Node Reporting and Data System 1.0 (Node-RADS).

Methods: Five electronic databases were systematically searched for primary studies on the use of Node-RADS to report the possibility of cancer involvement of lymph nodes on CT and MRI from January 1, 2021, until April 15, 2024.

Interpregnancy interval, air pollution, and the risk of low birth weight: a retrospective study in China.

Background: Both interpregnancy intervals (IPI) and environmental factors might contribute to low birth weight (LBW). However, the extent to which air pollution influences the effect of IPIs on LBW remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether IPI and air pollution jointly affect LBW.

The policies on the use of large language models in radiological journals are lacking: a meta-research study.

Objective: To evaluate whether and how the radiological journals present their policies on the use of large language models (LLMs), and identify the journal characteristic variables that are associated with the presence.

Methods: In this meta-research study, we screened Journals from the Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Category, 2022 Journal Citation Reports, excluding journals in non-English languages and relevant documents unavailable. We assessed their LLM use policies: (1) whether the policy is present; (2) whether the policy for the authors, the reviewers, and the editors is present; and (3) whether the policy asks the author to report the usage of LLMs, the name of LLMs, the section that used LLMs, the role of LLMs, the verification of LLMs, and the potential influence of LLMs.

Designing 3d Transition Metal Cation-Doped MRuO As Durable Acidic Oxygen Evolution Electrocatalysts for PEM Water Electrolyzers.

The continuous dissolution and oxidation of active sites in Ru-based electrocatalysts have greatly hindered their practical application in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). In this work, we first used density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the dissolution energy of Ru in the 3d transition metal-doped MRuO (M = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) to evaluate their stability for acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and screen out ZnRuO as the best candidate. To confirm the theoretical predictions, we experimentally synthesized these MRuO materials and found that ZnRuO indeed displays robust acidic OER stability with a negligible decay of η after 15 000 CV cycles.

A General Descriptor for Single-Atom Catalysts with Axial Ligands.

Decoration of an axial coordination ligand (ACL) on the active metal site is a highly effective and versatile strategy to tune activity of single-atom catalysts (SACs). However, the regulation mechanism of ACLs on SACs is still incompletely known. Herein, we investigate diversified combinations of ACL-SACs, including all 3d-5d transition metals and ten prototype ACLs.

Data mining and machine learning in HIV infection risk research: An overview and recommendations.

In the contemporary era, the applications of data mining and machine learning have permeated extensively into medical research, significantly contributing to areas such as HIV studies. By reviewing 38 articles published in the past 15 years, the study presents a roadmap based on seven different aspects, utilizing various machine learning techniques for both novice researchers and experienced researchers seeking to comprehend the current state of the art in this area. While traditional regression modeling techniques have been commonly used, researchers are increasingly adopting more advanced fully supervised machine learning and deep learning techniques, which often outperform the traditional methods in predictive performance.

Just give the contrast? Appraisal of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media use in patients with kidney disease.

Objective: To appraise the quality of guidelines on intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) use in patients with kidney disease, and to compare the recommendations among them.

Methods: We searched four literature databases, eight guideline libraries, and ten homepages of radiological societies to identify English and Chinese guidelines on intravenous ICM use in patients with kidney disease published between January 2018 and June 2023. The quality of the guidelines was assessed with the Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings (STAR) tool.

Traditional Chinese medicine external treatment combined with sodium vitrate injection for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis.

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a clinically common degenerative joint disease that has a high prevalence and, if left untreated, can seriously affect a patient's quality of life. The objective of this article is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine external treatment with sodium vitrate injection in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.

Methods: By searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database (WF), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library.

The endorsement of general and artificial intelligence reporting guidelines in radiological journals: a meta-research study.

Background: Complete reporting is essential for clinical research. However, the endorsement of reporting guidelines in radiological journals is still unclear. Further, as a field extensively utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), the adoption of both general and AI reporting guidelines would be necessary for enhancing quality and transparency of radiological research.

Novel 2D carbon material T-graphene supported 3d transition metal single atoms as efficient oxygen reduction catalysts.

Carbon-based support anchored 3d transition metal (TM) single atom catalysts (SACs) have been widely considered as promising candidates for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and their intrinsic activity is closely related to the geometric and electronic structures of the supports. T-graphene was predicted to have high conductivity and stability, so it may be also a promising support for loading SACs for electrocatalysis. Here, we systematically evaluate the ORR activity of T-graphene supported TM single atoms (TMN-Tgra and TMC-Tgra, TM = Sc-Zn) and their graphene supported counterparts (TMN-Gra and TMC-Gra).

Biodegradation mechanism of chlortetracycline by a novel fungal Aspergillus sp. LS-1.

Chlortetracycline (CTC), a widely used typical tetracycline antibiotic, has raised increasing concerns due to its potential health and environmental risks. Biodegradation is considered an effective method to reduce CTC in environment. In this study, a strain Aspergillus sp.

Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic Influencing Psychological Stress.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q).

MicroRNA-29a May Influence Myopia Development by Regulating Collagen I.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterize the regulatory role of microRNA-29a (miR-29a) in myopia, providing support for potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets of myopia in humans.

Methods: The miR-29a expression level was detected in the aqueous humor and peripheral blood plasma of 21 high myopic patients and eight cataract control patients using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. iTRAQ analysis of proteomes was conducted to show the regulatory effect of miR-29a on human scleral fibroblasts (SFs) cultured .

Controlling the chirality and number of strands of helices self-assembled from achiral block copolymers confined inside a nanopore: a simulation study.

Achiral block copolymers can self-assemble into helical structures when confined inside a cylindrical nanopore. However, controlling the chirality and the number of strands of helices is challenging. We present our simulation results of the influence of a chiral patch added to the confining nanopore on the structures and chirality of helices self-assembled from achiral cylinder-forming diblock copolymers under the confinement.

Formation and Regulation of Multicompartment Vesicles from Cyclic Diblock Copolymer Solutions: A Simulation Study.

The self-assembly of a cyclic AB copolymer system with relatively long A blocks and short B blocks in B-selective solvents is investigated using a simulated annealing method. By investigating the effect of the lengths and solubilities of A and B blocks ( and , ε and ε), the incompatibility between A and B blocks (ε), as well as the polymer concentration ( ) and the conditions for the formation of multicompartment vesicles in cyclic diblock copolymer solutions, is predicted. The phase diagrams in terms of , ε, and are constructed.

Lattice self-consistent field calculations of confined symmetric block copolymers of various chain architectures.

The effects of chain architecture and confinement on the structure and orientation of lamellae formed by incompressible and symmetric AB-type block copolymer melts confined between two parallel and identical surfaces are investigated using self-consistent field calculations on a simple cubic lattice. Five systems of various chain architectures (linear, ring, and star) and lengths are studied, with their bulk lamellar period L chosen such that they have comparable L/R, where R denotes the ideal-chain radius of gyration. For thin films of thickness D = L confined between two neutral surfaces, we define the rescaled volume fraction profiles of A, B, chain end, and joint segments in the parallel and perpendicular lamellae such that these profiles can be directly compared among the five systems to quantitatively reveal the interplay between the chain-end enrichment near confining surfaces and the surface-induced A-B compatibilization, and how such interplay is affected by the chain architectures (for example, the chain-crowding effects in the star block copolymers).

Structure-Property Effects in the Generation of Transient Aqueous Benzoic Acid Anhydrides by Carbodiimide Fuels.

The design of dissipative systems, which operate out-of-equilibrium by consuming chemical fuels, is challenging. As yet, there are a few examples of privileged fuel chemistries that can be broadly applied in abiotic systems in the same way that ATP hydrolysis is exploited throughout biochemistry. The key issue is that designing nonequilibrium systems is inherently about balancing the relative rates of coupled reactions.

A Novel Differential High-Frequency Current Transformer Sensor for Series Arc Fault Detection.

Fault arc detection is an important technology to ensure the safe operation of electrical equipment and prevent electrical fires. The high-frequency noise of the arc current is one of the typical arc characteristics of almost all loads. In order to accurately detect arc faults in a low-voltage alternating-current (AC) system, a novel differential high-frequency current transformer (D-HFCT) sensor for collecting high-frequency arc currents was proposed.

Formation Mechanisms of Porous Particles from Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymers inside an Oil-in-Water Emulsion Droplet upon Solvent Evaporation.

The formation mechanisms of porous particles from self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymers inside an oil-in-water emulsion droplet upon evaporation of the organic solvent are investigated based on Monte Carlo simulations for the first time. A morphological diagram of particles is constructed as a function of the surfactant concentration (φ) and the copolymer composition characterized by the volume fraction of the hydrophilic B block ( f). Particles with various morphologies are predicted.

Highly Ordered 3D Porous Graphene Sponge for Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Applications.

Wearable sensors with excellent flexibility and sensitivity have emerged as a promising field for healthcare, electronic skin, and so forth. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene sponges (GS) have emerged as high-performance piezoresistive sensors; however, problems, such as limited flexibility, high cost, and low sensitivity, remain. Meanwhile, device-level wearable pressure sensors with GS have rarely been demonstrated.

Effect of Chain Architecture on Self-Assembled Aggregates from Cyclic AB Diblock and Linear ABA Triblock Copolymers in Solution.

The self-assembly behaviors of two block copolymers with the same chain length but different chain architectures (cyclic AB, linear ABA) in B-selective solvents are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. A morphological transition sequence, from spherical micelles to cylindrical micelles, to vesicles and then to multicompartment vesicles, is observed for both copolymer systems when the interaction between the solvophobic A-block and the solvent is increased. In particular, toroidal micelles could be formed in triblock systems due to the presence of the bridging chains at the parameter region between cylindrical micelles and vesicles whereas disklike micelles are formed in cyclic systems.

MiR-2425-5p targets RAD9A and MYOG to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells.

Our group previously identified miR-2425-5p, a unique bovine miRNA; however, its biological function and regulation in muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs) remain unclear. Herein, stem-loop RT-PCR results showed that miR-2425-5p increased during MDSCs proliferation, but decreased during differentiation. Cell proliferation was examined using EdU assays, cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) western blot (WB) and flow cytometry analysis.