Four subtypes of adenomyosis assessed by magnetic resonance imaging and their specification.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to differentiate and specify the subtypes of adenomyosis.

Study Design: Surgically treated adenomyosis (n = 152) was subcategorized retrospectively into 4 subtypes on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging geography. Subtype I (n = 59) consisted of adenomyosis that occurs in the uterine inner layer without affecting the outer structures.

Prevention of postlaparoscopic shoulder pain by forced evacuation of residual CO(2).

Background And Objectives: Shoulder pain is one of the early postlaparoscopic symptoms related to CO(2) used for pneumoperitoneum and remaining in the abdomen. The present study was conducted to validate the hypothesis that complete evacuation of the residual CO(2) would prevent postlaparoscopic shoulder pain.

Methods: Forty consecutive patients, the candidates for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery, were randomly enrolled into one of the following 2 groups.