Nucleic Acid Quality Assessment is Critical to the Success of the Oncomine Dx Target Test for Lung Cancer.

Background And Objective: The Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT) has been used as a companion diagnostic test for lung cancer. Here, we evaluated whether the amount of nucleic acid and the degree of RNA degradation are related to the success of the ODxTT.

Methods: This study included 223 samples from 218 patients with lung cancer.

Deep targeted sequencing of cytological tumor cells using whole genome amplification.

Background: Genomic profiling in lung cancer is essential for precision medicine. Cytological specimens provide an alternative to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples for comprehensive genomic analysis. However, this approach remains challenging when a limited number of tumor cells are available.

The Diagnostic Utility of Cell-Free DNA from Ex Vivo Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Lung Cancer.

Although bronchoscopy is generally performed to diagnose lung cancer, its diagnostic yield remains unsatisfactory. Assuming that lung cancer cells release cell-free DNA into the epithelial lining fluid, we hypothesized that lung cancer could be diagnosed by analyzing gene mutations in cell-free DNA in this fluid. This study included 32 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital.

Lung Cancer Surgery With Persistent COVID-19 Infection.

A 71-year-old man with a history of drug-induced interstitial pneumonia was diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and simultaneously found to have a pulmonary mass, suggesting a coexisting lung cancer. Approximately 1 month after COVID-19 pneumonia resolved, the patient electively underwent right upper lobectomy. Postoperatively, acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia occurred and the patient died on the fifteenth postoperative day.

Discrimination Between Primary Lung Cancer and Lung Metastases by Genomic Profiling.

Introduction: In cases of lung tumors that occur after treatment for malignancies in other organs, the tumor may represent either a primary lung cancer or a solitary pulmonary metastasis from the other tumor. Because some lung tumors are difficult to differentiate on the basis of imaging and pathologic findings, treatment selection is often difficult. In this study, we attempted to make a genomic diagnosis of primary and metastatic lung tumors by analyzing tumor samples using next-generation sequencing and evaluated the efficacy and validity of the genomic diagnosis.

and as Major Microbiota in Thymic Epithelial Tumors.

The microbiota has been reported to be closely associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, its involvement in the pathology of thymoma remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify thymoma-specific microbiota using resected thymoma samples.

and as Major Microbiota in Mesotheliomas.

The microbiota has been reported to be correlated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, its involvement in the pathology of mesothelioma remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify mesothelioma-specific microbiota using resected or biopsied mesothelioma samples.

Actionable driver DNA variants and fusion genes can be detected in archived cytological specimens with the Oncomine Dx Target Test Multi-CDx system in lung cancer.

Background: Molecular testing is critical for identifying actionable variants in lung cancer for precision medicine. When tumor tissue samples are unavailable, archived cytological specimens (ACSs) can be used. The authors examined whether oncogenic variants could be accurately detected in ACSs versus paired formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues with in vitro diagnostic tests.

Association of Mutation Profiles with Postoperative Survival in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Findings on mutations, associated with lung cancer, have led to advancements in mutation-based precision medicine. This study aimed to comprehensively and synthetically analyze mutations in lung cancer, based on the next generation sequencing data of surgically removed lung tumors, and identify the mutation-related factors that can affect clinical outcomes. Targeted sequencing was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical specimens obtained from 172 patients with lung cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital.

Primary Driver Mutations in Specific to the Development of Thymomas.

Thymomas are rare mediastinal tumors that are difficult to treat and pose a major public health concern. Identifying mutations in target genes is vital for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Type A thymomas possess a missense mutation in (chromosome 7 c.

Genome analysis of peeling archival cytology samples detects driver mutations in lung cancer.

Introductions: When tumor tissue samples are unavailable to search for actionable driver mutations, archival cytology samples can be useful. We investigate whether archival cytology samples can yield reliable genomic information compared to corresponding formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples.

Patients And Methods: Pretreatment class V archival cytology samples with adequate tumor cells were selected from 172 lung cancer patients.

Dual-molecular barcode sequencing detects rare variants in tumor and cell free DNA in plasma.

Conventional next generation sequencing analysis has provided important insights into cancer genetics. However, the detection of rare (low allele fraction) variants remains difficult because of the error-prone nucleotide changes derived from sequencing/PCR errors. To eliminate the false-positive variants and detect genuine rare variants, sequencing technology combined with molecular barcodes will be useful.

Identification of Clonality through Genomic Profile Analysis in Multiple Lung Cancers.

In cases of multiple lung cancers, individual tumors may represent either a primary lung cancer or both primary and metastatic lung cancers. In this study, we investigated the differences between clinical/histopathological and genomic diagnoses to determine whether they are primary or metastatic. 37 patients with multiple lung cancers were enrolled in this study.

PD-L1 Expression and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Thymic Epithelial Neoplasms.

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare malignant mediastinal tumors that are difficult to diagnose and treat. The programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand (PD-L1) are expressed in various malignant tumors and have emerged as potential immunotherapeutic targets. However, the immunobiology of TETs is poorly understood.

Clinical Implications of Noncoding Indels in the Surfactant-Encoding Genes in Lung Cancer.

Lung cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations, usually in exons. A recent study identified indel mutations in the noncoding region of surfactant-encoding genes in lung adenocarcinoma cases. In this study, we recruited 94 patients with 113 lung cancers (88 adenocarcinomas, 16 squamous cell carcinomas, and nine other histologies) who had undergone surgery in our department.

Genomic Characteristics of Invasive Mucinous Adenocarcinomas of the Lung and Potential Therapeutic Targets of B7-H3.

Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is considered a variant of lung adenocarcinomas based on the current World Health Organization classification of lung tumors. However, the molecular mechanism driving IMA development and progression is not well understood. Thus, we surveyed the genomic characteristics of IMA in association with immune-checkpoint expression to investigate new potential therapeutic strategies.

Surgery for congenital bronchial atresia.

A 22-year-old woman presented with a feeling of chest tightness. Chest computed tomography showed a dendritic shadow in the left segment 1 + 2c, surrounded by hyperlucent emphysematous changes. Bronchoscopy revealed loss of the orifice of bronchus 1 + 2c.

Lymph node cancer of the mediastinum with a putative necrotic primary lesion in the lung: a case report.

Background: Although mediastinal lymph node cancer is presumed to originate in the lung, the primary site is usually unidentified, so the pathological course remains unclear. We recently encountered a case of mediastinal lymph node cancer having a putative primary lesion remaining in the lung as a necrotic focus.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 56-year-old man who visited our department because computed tomography screening had revealed a nodular shadow in the lingular segment.

New therapeutic targets for pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas based on their genomic and phylogenetic profiles.

Objectives: Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinomas are rare and generally aggressive tumors composed of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components; however, the evolution of sarcomatoid cancer has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to evaluate the mutational profiles and phylogeny of sarcomatoid carcinomas using next generation sequencing and analysis to facilitate the development of novel therapies.

Methods: Four patients who underwent surgery for sarcomatoid cancer were enrolled.

Surgical treatment for mediastinal abscess induced by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration: a case report and literature review.

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a useful and less invasive procedure for the definitive diagnosis of mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. However, infectious complications can occur after EBUS-TBNA, although they are extremely rare.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man with necrotic and swollen lower paratracheal lymph nodes underwent EBUS-TBNA.

Right bundle branch block and impaired left ventricular function as evidence of a left ventricular conduction delay.

Background: The indications and efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have not been sufficiently clarified in patients with right bundle branch block (RBBB).

Methods And Results: This study included 55 patients with normal QRS morphology and duration (Control-Gr) and 49 patients with complete RBBB (CRBBB-Gr). Using tissue Doppler imaging, the time difference (TD) between the electromechanical delay of the septal wall, left ventricular (LV) lateral wall, and right ventricular free wall were measured.

Maximum ventricular dyssynchrony predicts clinical improvement and reverse remodeling during cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Background: Tissue synchronization imaging (TSI) and tissue tracking imaging (TTI) might facilitate the evaluation of ventricular dyssynchrony.

Methods: In 22 patients, TSI and TTI were performed before and < 1 month after onset of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). With TSI guidance, maximum left ventricular (LV) intraventricular conduction delay (IVCDmax) was the greatest difference in time-to-peak velocity between septum and lateral wall.