New insights into the responses of phosphite, as a plant biostimulator, on PSII photochemistry, gas exchange, redox state and antioxidant system in maize plants under boron toxicity.

This study focused on boron (B), an essential micronutrient for plant development that becomes toxic at high concentrations, adversely affecting plant growth and yield. Phosphite (PHI) is recognized for its easy absorption by plant leaves and roots and its well-documented positive effects on plant growth. The effects of phosphite (PHI-1, 2 g L⁻; PHI-2, 4 g L⁻) under boron stress (B, 2 mM) were evaluated in Zea mays.