Osteoporosis and bone fractures in patients with celiac disease: A nationwide cohort study.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease caused by an abnormal immune response triggered by ingestion of gluten. Treatment of CD is a lifelong gluten-free diet. Both diagnosed and undiagnosed CD has been found to be associated with reduced bone mineral density, which can lead to an increased risk of fractures.

Celiac disease and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders: A nationwide cohort study.

Introduction: Previous studies have indicated that patients with celiac disease (CD) may have an increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders. However, large-scale epidemiologic studies on the topic are still scarce. We aimed to examine the association between CD and development of neuropsychiatric disorders during an 18-year follow-up period.

Efficacy and safety of colesevelam for the treatment of bile acid diarrhoea: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 4 clinical trial.

Background: Bile acid diarrhoea is a common but overlooked cause of chronic watery diarrhoea. Plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) is an alternative to the gold standard tauroselcholic [Se] acid (SeHCAT) test. Low-certainty evidence supports sequestrant treatment, including colesevelam.

Diagnostic Delay in Coeliac Disease: A Survey among Danish Patients.

Background: Coeliac disease affects around 1% of the population, although many cases remain undiagnosed. Underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay in coeliac disease may cause health complications and be a burden for both the patient and society. Casuistic reports indicate that the diagnostic delay may be significant in Danish patients.

Biochemical abnormalities among patients referred for celiac disease antibody blood testing in a primary health care setting.

To investigate possible biochemical abnormalities associated with celiac disease (CD) antibody positivity in a primary health care setting and thereby identify predictors that could potentially reduce diagnostic delay and underdiagnosis of CD. This observational cohort study included measurements of CD antibodies in the Copenhagen Primary Care Laboratory (CopLab) database from 2000 to 2015; CD antibody positivity was defined as tissue transglutaminase antibody IgA or IgG ≥ 7 kU/L and/or deamidated gliadin peptide antibody IgG ≥ 10 kU/L. Individuals with a prior diagnosis of CD were excluded.

Newly Diagnosed Celiac Disease and Bone Health in Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review.

Celiac disease (CD), a gluten-induced autoimmune disease, is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) among children. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed in adulthood, which may lead to an increased risk of fragile bones. The aim of this systematic review was to report on BMD status among young adults newly diagnosed with CD, and to examine the effect of a gluten-free diet (GFD), nutritional supplements, such as vitamin D, or antiresorptive medications on BMD recovery.

Symptoms and biomarkers associated with undiagnosed celiac seropositivity.

Background: Studies have indicated that underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay are common in celiac disease. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge of what symptoms and biomarkers could identify undiagnosed cases of celiac disease.

Methods: We screened for celiac disease antibodies in stored blood samples from 16,776 participants in eight population-based studies examined during 1976-2012.

Biochemical Diagnosis of Bile Acid Diarrhea: Prospective Comparison With the 75Seleno-Taurohomocholic Acid Test.

Introduction: The diagnosis of bile acid diarrhea is often missed because the availability of the seleno-taurohomocholic acid (SeHCAT) test is limited. We aimed to compare the biomarkers 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) with the SeHCAT test.

Methods: Patients with chronic diarrhea without intestinal resection referred for SeHCAT were prospectively recruited for this diagnostic accuracy study.

Long-term Consequences of Undiagnosed Celiac Seropositivity.

Introduction: Diagnosed celiac disease (CD) is associated with lymphoproliferative malignancy and gastrointestinal cancer, but little is known about the long-term consequences of undiagnosed CD. We aimed to investigate long-term consequences of undiagnosed CD for mortality and incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases.

Methods: We screened biobank serum samples for immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and IgG deamidated gliadin peptide in a study of 8 population-based cohort studies comprising 16,776 participants examined during 1976-2012 and followed with >99% complete follow-up in Danish nationwide registries until December 31, 2017, regarding vital status and incidence of diseases.

The association of celiac disease and allergic disease in a general adult population.

Background: The relationship between allergy and celiac disease (CD) is not clear.

Objective: The objective of this article is to investigate the association of CD and CD antibody positivity with hay fever, asthma and immunoglobulin (Ig)E sensitization in a general adult population.

Methods: A total of 2297 individuals were screened for CD antibodies and underwent allergy testing.

A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults.

Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day).

The distribution of HLA DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes and their association with health indicators in a general Danish population.

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 are important risk factors for some autoimmune diseases such as celiac disease (CD), but their possible role in other diseases and health conditions is not fully explored.

Objectives: The objective of this article is to examine the distribution of HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8 in an adult general population, and their association with health indicators (diseases, symptoms and biomarkers).

Methods: In this cross-sectional, population-based study, 2293 individuals were screened for HLA DQ2 and DQ8; CD-associated alleles (DQA*0201*03*05/DQB*02*0301/0304*0302/0305) and DQB1*02 homozygosity were determined for screen-positive participants.

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial.

Objective: To investigate whether a whole grain diet alters the gut microbiome and insulin sensitivity, as well as biomarkers of metabolic health and gut functionality.

Design: 60 Danish adults at risk of developing metabolic syndrome were included in a randomised cross-over trial with two 8-week dietary intervention periods comprising whole grain diet and refined grain diet, separated by a washout period of ≥6 weeks. The response to the interventions on the gut microbiome composition and insulin sensitivity as well on measures of glucose and lipid metabolism, gut functionality, inflammatory markers, anthropometry and urine metabolomics were assessed.

Chenodeoxycholic acid stimulated fibroblast growth factor 19 response - a potential biochemical test for bile acid diarrhoea.

Background: Bile acid diarrhoea is underdiagnosed and better diagnostic tests are needed. Fasting serum fibroblast growth factor-19 (FGF19) has insufficient diagnostic value, but this may be improved by stimulation.

Aim: To explore if an impaired FGF19 response identifies primary bile acid diarrhoea.

Plasma Alkylresorcinols Reflect Gluten Intake and Distinguish between Gluten-Rich and Gluten-Poor Diets in a Population at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Many patients with celiac disease experience difficulties in adherence to a gluten-free diet. Methods for testing compliance to a gluten-free diet are costly and cumbersome. Thus, a simple biomarker of gluten intake is needed in a clinical setting and will be useful for epidemiologic studies investigating wider effects of gluten intake.

Symptoms and biomarkers associated with celiac disease: evaluation of a population-based screening program in adults.

Objectives: To identify possible early predictors (symptoms and biomarkers) of celiac disease, compare symptoms before and after screening, and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of serologic screening for celiac disease in an adult Danish population.

Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study was based on the 5-year follow-up of the Health2006 cohort, where 2297 individuals were screened for celiac disease; 56 were antibody positive and thus invited to clinical evaluation. Eight were diagnosed with biopsy-verified celiac disease.

Diagnosis of bile acid diarrhoea by fasting and postprandial measurements of fibroblast growth factor 19.

Background: A deficiency in the ileal hormone fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) has been described in patients with bile acid diarrhoea (BAD), but fasting FGF19 levels have insufficient diagnostic power. We assess whether single postprandial sampling of FGF19 has greater discriminative value than fasting FGF19 for detection of BAD and we evaluate the reproducibility of fasting FGF19.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-six patients consecutively referred to Se homocholic acid retention test (SeHCAT) were included.

Celiac disease: diagnosis and treatment.

This national clinical guideline approved by the Danish Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology describes the diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease (CD) in adults. CD is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy of the small intestine triggered by the ingestion of gluten-containing proteins, which are found in wheat, rye, and barley. The disease prevalence is 0.

[Pharmaceutical drugs containing lactose can as a rule be used by persons with lactose intolerance].

Lactose is often used as an excipient in pharmaceutical drugs. Current evidence indicates that the amount of lactose in most drugs is not sufficient to cause symptoms in persons with lactose intolerance, although interindividual differences in sensitivity probably exist. Patient preferences and/or suboptimal treatment adherence could be reasons for considering lactose-free drug alternatives.

Screening for celiac disease in Danish adults.

Objective: The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) as recorded in the Danish National Patient Registry is ∼50/100,000 persons. This is much lower than the reported prevalence of CD in other Nordic countries and underdiagnosis is suspected. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of CD in a population-based study of Danish adults.

Serological testing for celiac disease in adults.

Background And Aim: We present a systematic review on the performance of currently available methods for serological diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) and the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing.

Objective: A literature survey was conducted using PubMed, MeSH database, Web of Science as well as manual searches.

Results: Tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG) (IgA) (tested in nine studies) show sensitivities and specificities in the range of 0.

The human thoracic duct is functionally innervated by adrenergic nerves.

Lymphatic vessels from animals have been shown to be innervated. While morphological studies have confirmed human lymphatic vessels are innervated, functional studies supporting this are lacking. The present study demonstrates a functional innervation of the human thoracic duct (TD) that is predominantly adrenergic.

Ultrastructure of interstitial cells in subserosa of human colon.

We studied the ultrastructure of interstitial cells in the subserosal/adventitial layer in human colon. An interstitial cell type with an ultrastructure intermediate between fibroblast-like cells (FLC) and interstitial cells of Cajal was identified (IC-SS). IC-SS had thin and flattened branching processes, most densely arranged close to the longitudinal muscle cells.