Co-infection with and COVID-19 with lethal outcome. First clinical case from Bulgaria.

The symptoms of COVID-19 include febrility and mainly catarrhal symptoms. In severe cases, patients present with progression to lower respiratory tract and acute respiratory distress (ARDS) and multi-organ dysfunction. Malaria caused by is a severe, endemic parasitosis, mainly in Africa.

Molecular Analysis of Dihydropteroate Synthase Gene Mutations in Isolates among Bulgarian Patients with Pneumonia.

pneumonia (PCP) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised people. The widespread use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) for the treatment and prophylaxis of opportunistic infections (including PCP) has led to an increased selection of TMP-SMZ-resistant microorganisms. Sulfa/sulfone resistance has been demonstrated to result from specific point mutations in the gene.

Study on the Prevalence of as a Causative Agent of Lung Pathology in People with Different Immune Status.

Background: pneumonia (PCP) commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, whereas in immunocompetent persons, it occurs relatively rarely, and in most cases, the infection is detected as an asymptomatic colonization. The present study aimed to establish the prevalence of infection in human hosts with different immune status (immunocompromised and immunocompetent), using molecular diagnostic methods, and to compare their diagnostic value with that of classical staining methods.

Methods: We used the collected-to-this-moment data from a prospective study on the prevalence of pneumocystosis among the Bulgarian population.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Bulgaria: A retrospective study of а 21-year period.

Background: Bulgaria, with a high endemicity for malaria in the past, was declared by the WHO as a malaria-free country in 1965. We intended to analyze the epidemiological and clinical implications of imported malaria cases in Bulgaria.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of all recorded cases of imported malaria in Bulgaria over a 21-year period (2000-2020).

First case of ocular dirofilariosis in Bulgaria caused by gravid female Dirofilaria repens.

Dirofilariosis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens is recorded sporadically among people in Europe, Asia and Africa. Still a worldwide controversy exist upon human parasite hosting. Herein, the first case of ocular dirofilariosis in Bulgaria caused by gravid female is presented.

Study of IgG avidity and the level of specific IgA antibodies and their significance in the diagnosis of human toxocarosis.

Toxocarosis is a zoonotic disease caused by migration and subsequent localization of nematode larvae of Toxocara spp. in human organs and tissues, which is manifested with development of various non-specific clinical symptoms. Main diagnostic methods are serological and consists in proving the presence of anti-Toxocara IgG antibodies in patient's sera.

Extra-hepatopulmonary cystic echinococcosis in Bulgaria: frequency, management and outcome of the disease.

In the endemic countries, human cystic echinococcosis (CE) poses a serious medical and social problem. Because it most often affects the liver and lungs we aimed to define the proportion of cases with different organ localization, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in such cases, and the outcome of them. For a period 2010-2019, a total of 2863 cases of CE were registered in Bulgaria, of which 148 (5.

Epididymal Dirofilariasis in a Child: First Case Report from Bulgaria.

Objective: To present case of a child with epididymal dirofil-ariasis.

Clinical Presentation And Intervention: An 11-year-old boy was admitted to the Clinic of Pediatric Urology for elective surgery treatment of epididymal cyst on the left side. After removal, the cyst was sent for histological examination.

Imported malaria in Bulgaria, status and prognosis after eradication in 1965.

Background: This retrospective analysis assessed all recorded malaria cases in Bulgaria after 1965, when the country was certified as malaria-free by the World Health Organization (WHO), and evaluated the readiness of the public health system to interrupt an outbreak of local transmission in case of infection importation.

Methods: The cases were analyzed according to causative species; geographic origin of the imported case; and the citizenship, age, and gender of the infected individuals.

Results: In the 50-year study period (1966-2015), there were a total of 3011 cases of malaria imported to Bulgaria from different regions of the world.

Human Parasitic Diseases in Bulgaria in Between 2013-2014.

Background: In Bulgaria, more than 20 autochthonous human parasitic infections have been described and some of them are widespread. Over 50 imported protozoan and helminthic infections represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges and pose epidemiological risks due to the possibility of local transmission.

Aims: To establish the distribution of autochthonous and imported parasitic diseases among the population of the country over a 2-year period (2013-2014) and to evaluate their significance in the public health system.

Some aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens.

In recent years, zoonotic filariae Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens are gaining popularity as incidental human parasitic pathogens. The usual hosts for these nematodes are domestic and wild carnivorous animals. The medical significance of human dirofilariasis is due to frequent misdiagnosis as malignancy and in many cases diagnosis is made after invasive surgical procedures.

Clinical features, diagnostic tools, and treatment regimens for visceral leishmaniasis in Bulgaria.

Purpose: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the parasite Leishmania infantum, which was once largely confined to Southern Europe is now being diagnosed throughout Northern Europe, including Great Britain. In an effort to help EU clinicians improve their diagnosis and management of VL, this paper defines clinical features typical of the disease as it presents in Bulgaria, where VL is endemic.

Methods: The list of clinical symptoms presented here was gleaned from the medical records (patient histories, epidemiological survey cards, laboratory data) of 59 Bulgarian patients with VL.